Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Johnston DE and Kroening C | Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in cultured liver cells by CCl4. | 1996 | Hepatology | pmid:8781342 |
Rozera C et al. | Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by cyclopentenone prostaglandins in acutely infected human cells. Evidence for a transcriptional block. | 1996 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:8621762 |
Seghaye MC et al. | Histamine liberation related to cardiopulmonary bypass in children: possible relation to transient postoperative arrhythmias. | 1996 | J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. | pmid:8622322 |
Longphre M et al. | PAF-induced airways hyperreactivity is modulated by mast cells in mice. | 1996 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:8624251 |
Chilton FH et al. | Antigen-induced generation of lyso-phospholipids in human airways. | 1996 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:8642333 |
Westcott JY et al. | Arachidonate-induced eicosanoid synthesis in RBL-2H3 cells: stimulation with antigen or A23187 induces prolonged activation of 5-lipoxygenase. | 1996 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:8816855 |
Odani N et al. | Induction of protein disulfide isomerase mRNA by delta 12-prostaglandin J2. | 1996 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:8645293 |
Genovese A et al. | Role of mast cells, basophils and their mediators in adverse reactions to general anesthetics and radiocontrast media. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8645973 |
Weidenbach H et al. | Reduction of bile secretion by prostaglandins in the rat in vivo. | 1996 | Life Sci. | pmid:8649182 |
Satoh S et al. | Promotion of sleep mediated by the A2a-adenosine receptor and possible involvement of this receptor in the sleep induced by prostaglandin D2 in rats. | 1996 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:8650205 |
Hayaishi O | Tryptophan, oxygenase, and sleep. | 1996 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:8906236 |
Urade Y et al. | Molecular mechanism of sleep regulation by prostaglandin D2. | 1996 | J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal | pmid:8906548 |
Higashiyama K et al. | Induction of c-fos protooncogene transcription and apoptosis by delta 12-prostaglandin J2 in human Pl-21 myeloid leukemia and RC-K8 pre-B lymphoma cells. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8908616 |
Lydford SJ et al. | Interaction of BW A868C, a prostanoid DP-receptor antagonist, with two receptor subtypes in the rabbit isolated saphenous vein. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8880898 |
Ko FN et al. | Mechanism of action of p-chlorobiphenyl on the inhibition of platelet aggregation. | 1996 | J. Pharm. Pharmacol. | pmid:8794990 |
Santos J et al. | Regulation of intestinal mast cells and luminal protein release by cerebral thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats. | 1996 | Gastroenterology | pmid:8942724 |
Woodiel FN et al. | Anabolic effects of prostaglandins in cultured fetal rat calvariae: structure-activity relations and signal transduction pathway. | 1996 | J. Bone Miner. Res. | pmid:8864899 |
Knol EF et al. | The role of basophils in allergic disease. | 1996 | Eur Respir J Suppl | pmid:8871057 |
Obata T et al. | IgE-anti-IgE-induced prostaglandin D2 release from cultured human mast cells. | 1996 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:8780726 |
Kim HS et al. | Intracellular glutathione level modulates the induction of apoptosis by delta 12-prostaglandin J2. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8873236 |
Naclerio RM et al. | Origin of late phase histamine release. | 1996 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:8876545 |
Patella V et al. | Oxatomide inhibits the release of proinflammatory mediators from human basophils and mast cells. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8753840 |
de Graaf-in t Veld C et al. | Relationship between nasal hyperreactivity, mediators and eosinophils in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and controls. | 1996 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:8877155 |
O'Sullivan S et al. | Increased urinary excretion of the prostaglandin D2 metabolite 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 after aspirin challenge supports mast cell activation in aspirin-induced airway obstruction. | 1996 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:8757220 |
Ashraf MM et al. | Type II phospholipase A2 is linked to cyclooxygenase-2-mediated delayed prostaglandin D2 generation by cultured mouse mast cells following FcepsilonRI- and cytokine-dependent activation. | 1996 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:8954964 |
Patella V et al. | Eosinophil granule proteins activate human heart mast cells. | 1996 | J. Immunol. | pmid:8757629 |
Bingham CO et al. | A heparin-sensitive phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 are functionally linked in the delayed phase of prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 1996 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:8824228 |
Sharif NA et al. | Characterization of the ocular antiallergic and antihistaminic effects of olopatadine (AL-4943A), a novel drug for treating ocular allergic diseases. | 1996 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:8819509 |
Chung HS et al. | Heat contact urticaria--a case report. | 1996 | Yonsei Med. J. | pmid:8826790 |
Conti C et al. | Inhibition of poliovirus replication by prostaglandins A and J in human cells. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8834882 |
Liao CH et al. | Antiplatelet effect of demethyldiisoeugenol. | 1996 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:9022830 |
Vedin I et al. | Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from lipopolysaccharide-activated human blood monocytes by prostaglandin J2 and metabolites of prostaglandin J2. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8931117 |
Ashraf M et al. | Cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor induces the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and attendant prostaglandin generation requiring interleukin 10 and interleukin 1 beta in mouse cultured mast cells. | 1996 | Biochem. J. | pmid:9003387 |
Wagenmann M et al. | Unilateral nasal allergen challenge leads to bilateral release of prostaglandin D2. | 1996 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:8732233 |
Campbell A et al. | Overview of allergic mechanisms. Ebastine has more than an antihistamine effect. | 1996 | Drugs | pmid:8983912 |
Takahata R et al. | Seasonal variation in levels of prostaglandins D2, E2 and F2(alpha) in the brain of a mammalian hibernator, the Asian chipmunk. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8992498 |
Ishimoto T et al. | Importance of the phospholipase D-initiated sequential pathway for arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1996 | J. Biochem. | pmid:8902628 |
Casimir DA et al. | Preadipocyte differentiation blocked by prostaglandin stimulation of prostanoid FP2 receptor in murine 3T3-L1 cells. | 1996 | Differentiation | pmid:8765050 |
Minami T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits prostaglandin E2-induced allodynia in conscious mice. | 1996 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:8819497 |
Spannhake EW | Down-regulation of canine airway mast cell function following exposure to ozone in vivo. | 1996 Mar-Apr | Exp. Lung Res. | pmid:8706634 |
Jović N et al. | Do prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and D2 have a role in the development of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia? | 1996 May-Jun | Vojnosanit Pregl | pmid:9174396 |
Kiriyama M et al. | Ligand binding specificities of the eight types and subtypes of the mouse prostanoid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9313928 |
Kanaoka Y et al. | Cloning and crystal structure of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. | 1997 | Cell | pmid:9323136 |
Li Y et al. | Differential effects of various eicosanoids on the production or prevention of arrhythmias in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. | 1997 | Prostaglandins | pmid:9380795 |
Fournier T et al. | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inversely regulates prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 production in murine macrophages. Synergistic action of cyclic AMP on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9388257 |
Genovese A et al. | Loratadine and desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine inhibit the immunological release of mediators from human Fc epsilon RI+ cells. | 1997 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:9179431 |
Murakami M et al. | Detection of secretory phospholipase A2s related but not identical to type IIA isozyme in cultured mast cells. | 1997 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:9280291 |
Harbige LS et al. | Cytokine secretion by human T cell clones is differentially regulated by eicosanoids. | 1997 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:9191392 |
Murakami M et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent delayed prostaglandin D2 generation is initiated by nerve growth factor in rat peritoneal mast cells: its augmentation by extracellular type II secretory phospholipase A2. | 1997 | J. Immunol. | pmid:9200484 |
ElAttar TM and Virji AS | Inhibition of growth in oral squamous carcinoma cells by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: comparison with chemotherapeutic agents. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9223658 |
Sampson SE et al. | Effect of inhaled prostaglandin D2 in normal and atopic subjects, and of pretreatment with leukotriene D4. | 1997 | Thorax | pmid:9227716 |
Abran D et al. | Regulation of prostanoid vasomotor effects and receptors in choroidal vessels of newborn pigs. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9087666 |
Kanamori Y et al. | Migration of neutrophils from blood to tissue: alteration of modulatory effects of prostanoid on superoxide generation in rabbits and humans. | 1997 | Life Sci. | pmid:9096262 |
Ram A et al. | CSF levels of prostaglandins, especially the level of prostaglandin D2, are correlated with increasing propensity towards sleep in rats. | 1997 | Brain Res. | pmid:9098570 |
Ito H et al. | Prostaglandins stimulate the stress-induced synthesis of hsp27 and alpha B crystallin. | 1997 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:9066782 |
Reddy ST et al. | Analysis of the secretory phospholipase A2 that mediates prostaglandin production in mast cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9153207 |
Taber DF et al. | A nomenclature system for the isoprostanes. | 1997 | Prostaglandins | pmid:9112285 |
Minami T et al. | Absence of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia in NMDA receptor epsilon subunit knockout mice. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9113374 |
AL-Hader AA et al. | Novel expression of functional luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors in cultured glial cells from neonatal rat brains. | 1997 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:9116153 |
Bogaards JJ et al. | Stereoselective conjugation of prostaglandin A2 and prostaglandin J2 with glutathione, catalyzed by the human glutathione S-transferases A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1. | 1997 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:9084911 |
Teixeira MM et al. | Characterization of the prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation of guinea-pig eosinophils. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9146890 |
Fiebich BL et al. | Prostaglandin E2 induces interleukin-6 synthesis in human astrocytoma cells. | 1997 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:9003059 |
Matsumoto H et al. | Concordant induction of prostaglandin E2 synthase with cyclooxygenase-2 leads to preferred production of prostaglandin E2 over thromboxane and prostaglandin D2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. | 1997 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:9020023 |
Nasushita R et al. | A comparative study of adrenocorticotropin-releasing activity of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha and D2 in the rat. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9051727 |
Reddy ST and Herschman HR | Prostaglandin synthase-1 and prostaglandin synthase-2 are coupled to distinct phospholipases for the generation of prostaglandin D2 in activated mast cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9013559 |
Urade Y | [New aspects on prostaglandin D synthases]. | 1997 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:9503406 |
Boie Y et al. | Molecular cloning and characterization of the four rat prostaglandin E2 prostanoid receptor subtypes. | 1997 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9537820 |
Minami T et al. | Inhibition of nociceptin-induced allodynia in conscious mice by prostaglandin D2. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9375954 |
Mahmud I et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase in human megakaryoblastic cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9353279 |
Howarth PH | Mediators of nasal blockage in allergic rhinitis. | 1997 | Allergy | pmid:9353555 |
Tsuri T et al. | Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives: orally active, potent, and selective prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. | 1997 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:9357516 |
Liakos P et al. | ANG II AT1 and AT2 receptors both inhibit bFGF-induced proliferation of bovine adrenocortical cells. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9357777 |
Werman A et al. | Ligand-independent activation domain in the N terminus of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Differential activity of PPARgamma1 and -2 isoforms and influence of insulin. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9242701 |
McGowan SE et al. | Peroxisome proliferators alter lipid acquisition and elastin gene expression in neonatal rat lung fibroblasts. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9435581 |
Blom HM et al. | Intranasal capsaicin is efficacious in non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis. A placebo-controlled study. | 1997 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:9249272 |
Wettstein M and Häussinger D | Cytoprotection by the osmolytes betaine and taurine in ischemia-reoxygenation injury in the perfused rat liver. | 1997 | Hepatology | pmid:9397998 |
Adams M et al. | Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma have depot-specific effects on human preadipocyte differentiation. | 1997 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:9399962 |
Ogasawara T et al. | Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells undergo exocytosis, prostanoid generation, and cytokine expression in response to G protein-activating polybasic compounds after coculture with fibroblasts in the presence of c-kit ligand. | 1997 | J. Immunol. | pmid:8977215 |
Hutchinson SM et al. | Effects of eicosanoids on parameters in isolated rat hepatocytes and isolated rat hepatocyte couplets: protective effects of eicosanoid receptor antagonists. | 1997 | J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal | pmid:9041475 |
Mezei Z et al. | Platelet eicosanoids and the effect of captopril in blood pressure regulation. | 1997 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9527508 |
el Attar TM and Virji AS | Effects of indomethacin, cisplatin and delta 12-prostaglandin J2 on growth of oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 1997 Nov-Dec | Anticancer Res. | pmid:9494540 |
Kimura K et al. | Modulation of platelet activating factor-induced glycogenolysis in the perfused rat liver after administration of endotoxin in vivo. | 1998 | J. Biochem. | pmid:9504421 |
Giardiello FM et al. | Prostaglandin levels in human colorectal mucosa: effects of sulindac in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. | 1998 | Dig. Dis. Sci. | pmid:9512123 |
Rossi AG et al. | Regulation of macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by cAMP. | 1998 | J. Immunol. | pmid:9531319 |
Morrow JD et al. | Comparison of formation of D2/E2-isoprostanes and F2-isoprostanes in vitro and in vivo--effects of oxygen tension and glutathione. | 1998 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:9578611 |
Wright DH et al. | Characterization of the recombinant human prostanoid DP receptor and identification of L-644,698, a novel selective DP agonist. | 1998 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9579725 |
Liao CH et al. | Effect of PP1D-1, a synthetic antiplatelet compound, on rabbit platelets. | 1998 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9541276 |
Daculsi R et al. | Effect of PGE2 on the cell surface molecule expression in PMA treated thymocytes. | 1998 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:9557948 |
Crider JY et al. | Use of a semi-automated, robotic radioimmunoassay to measure cAMP generated by activation of DP-, EP2-, and IP-prostaglandin receptors in human ocular and other cell types. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9758211 |
Huszár E et al. | Elevated circulating adenosine level potentiates antigen-induced immediate bronchospasm and bronchoconstrictor mediator release in sensitized guinea pigs. | 1998 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:9802380 |
Matsushita N et al. | Pharmacological studies on the novel antiallergic drug HQL-79: II. Elucidation of mechanisms for antiallergic and antiasthmatic effects. | 1998 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9804057 |
Ma H et al. | Estrogen-induced production of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand in a PPARgamma-expressing tissue. | 1998 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9804768 |
Tsai WJ et al. | Characterization of the antiplatelet effects of (2S)-5-methoxy-6-methylflavan-7-ol from Draconis Resina. | 1998 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9617759 |
Nishino S et al. | Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandins and corticotropin releasing factor in schizophrenics and controls: relationship to sleep architecture. | 1998 | Psychiatry Res | pmid:9657418 |
Thomson AM et al. | Sequence, catalytic properties and expression of chicken glutathione-dependent prostaglandin D2 synthase, a novel class Sigma glutathione S-transferase. | 1998 | Biochem. J. | pmid:9657971 |
Kalgutkar AS et al. | Aspirin-like molecules that covalently inactivate cyclooxygenase-2. | 1998 | Science | pmid:9596581 |
Onoe H | [Molecular and neuroanatomical mechanisms of sleep-wakefulness regulation by prostaglandins D2 and E2]. | 1998 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:10202759 |
Marx N et al. | Macrophages in human atheroma contain PPARgamma: differentiation-dependent peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma) expression and reduction of MMP-9 activity through PPARgamma activation in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. | 1998 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:9665460 |
Seckl J | Mechanisms of fetal origins of health problems in adults need to be investigated. | 1998 | BMJ | pmid:9665923 |
Colville-Nash PR et al. | Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists: correlation with induction of heme oxygenase 1. | 1998 | J. Immunol. | pmid:9670978 |