Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Shibata T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11786541 |
Simonin MA et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11742805 |
Hirai H et al. | Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801628 |
Finck BN and Johnson RW | Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11959686 |
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Kohyama T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. | 2002 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:11998998 |
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Skolnik PR et al. | Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma blocks HIV-1 replication and TNFalpha production in acutely infected primary blood cells, chronically infected U1 cells, and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected subjects. | 2002 | J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. | pmid:12352144 |
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Suzuki K and Uyeda M | Inhibitory properties of antitumor prostaglandins against topoisomerases. | 2002 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:12353631 |
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Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Whigham LD et al. | Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11893615 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Metastasis | pmid:12498388 |
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Souza SC et al. | TNF-alpha induction of lipolysis is mediated through activation of the extracellular signal related kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2003 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:12898507 |
Zhuang H et al. | Prostaglandins of J series control heme oxygenase expression: potential significance in modulating neuroinflammation. | 2003 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:12853315 |
Pestel S et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin D2 clearance in rat hepatocytes by the thromboxane receptor antagonists daltroban and ifetroban and the thromboxane synthase inhibitor furegrelate. | 2003 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12906929 |
Pritts EA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand inhibition of RANTES production by human endometriotic stromal cells is mediated through an upstream promoter element. | 2003 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:12909507 |
Zanoni G et al. | A --> J prostaglandin swap: a new tactic for cyclopentenone prostaglandin synthesis. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12919053 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce lymphocyte apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway independent of external death receptor signaling. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14607914 |
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Honda K et al. | Prostaglandin D2 reinforces Th2 type inflammatory responses of airways to low-dose antigen through bronchial expression of macrophage-derived chemokine. | 2003 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:12925672 |
Mendez M and LaPointe MC | PPARgamma inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE2 synthase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. | 2003 | Hypertension | pmid:12885795 |
Li L et al. | Heme oxygenase-1 is an antifibrogenic protein in human hepatic myofibroblasts. | 2003 | Gastroenterology | pmid:12891549 |
Vosseler CA et al. | Structural requirements of cyclopentenone prostaglandins to induce endothelial cell apoptosis. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12859958 |
Aoun P et al. | Neuroprotective effects of PPARgamma agonists against oxidative insults in HT-22 cells. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12860474 |
Zanoni G et al. | First total synthesis of JS isoprostane. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12868940 |
Zahradka P et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma1 inhibits human smooth muscle cell proliferation. | 2003 | Mol. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:12841350 |
Keelan JA et al. | Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition--a review. | 2003 | Placenta | pmid:12842412 |
Chen CW et al. | Inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase induction by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2, involves inhibition of the upstream Janus kinase/STAT1 signaling pathway. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12847270 |
Date M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. | 2003 | Liver Int. | pmid:14986820 |
Kim BE et al. | Cytochrome C-dependent Fas-independent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells induced by delta12-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:14508070 |
Piliponsky AM et al. | Non-IgE-dependent activation of human lung- and cord blood-derived mast cells is induced by eosinophil major basic protein and modulated by the membrane form of stem cell factor. | 2003 | Blood | pmid:12393403 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis. | 2003 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14499870 |
Lee TS et al. | Induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of low dose 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12642589 |
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Smith SA et al. | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on rat cultured cerebellar granule neuronal viability. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:12774315 |
Armoni M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma represses GLUT4 promoter activity in primary adipocytes, and rosiglitazone alleviates this effect. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12777391 |
Liu H et al. | PPARgamma ligands and ATRA inhibit the invasion of human breast cancer cells in vitro. | 2003 | Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | pmid:12779083 |
Villegas I et al. | A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. | 2003 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:14636824 |
Mitsumori S et al. | Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 1. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. | 2003 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:12773047 |
Inoue K et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:14642794 |
Mitsumori S et al. | Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 2. 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives. | 2003 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:12773048 |
Ide T et al. | Activation of nuclear receptors by prostaglandins. | 2003 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:14592554 |
Kim EJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis: association with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12966153 |
Yagami T et al. | Novel binding sites of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in plasma membranes from primary rat cortical neurons. | 2003 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:14597421 |
Collin M and Thiemermann C | The PPAR-gamma ligand 15-deoxy(delta12,14) prostaglandin J2 reduces the liver injury in endotoxic shock. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12969773 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), reduce ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut. | 2003 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12970094 |
Caivano M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates endogenous Cot MAPK kinase kinase 1 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14557273 |
Farrow B et al. | Selective activation of PPARgamma inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion and decreases expression of tissue plasminogen activator. | 2003 | Surgery | pmid:12947319 |
Murakami Y et al. | Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:14558100 |
Zhang M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activated by ligands can inhibit human lung cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis. | 2003 | J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. | pmid:12973930 |
Niyonsaba F et al. | Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells. | 2003 | Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy | pmid:14561157 |
Powell WS | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2: endogenous PPARgamma ligand or minor eicosanoid degradation product? | 2003 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:12975467 |
Chen YX et al. | 15d-PGJ2 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of MCG-803 human gastric cancer cell line. | 2003 | World J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:14562367 |
Bell-Parikh LC et al. | Biosynthesis of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and the ligation of PPARgamma. | 2003 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:12975479 |
Shichijo M et al. | Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells activation in vivo increases blood leukocyte counts and its blockade abrogates 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophilia in rats. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12975488 |
Gilroy DW et al. | Inducible cyclooxygenase-derived 15-deoxy(Delta)12-14PGJ2 brings about acute inflammatory resolution in rat pleurisy by inducing neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:14563690 |
Pierzchalska M et al. | Deficient prostaglandin E2 production by bronchial fibroblasts of asthmatic patients, with special reference to aspirin-induced asthma. | 2003 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:12743569 |
Okano H et al. | 15-deoxy-delta-12-14-PGJ2 regulates apoptosis induction and nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2003 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:14563954 |
Gao L et al. | Formation of prostaglandins E2 and D2 via the isoprostane pathway: a mechanism for the generation of bioactive prostaglandins independent of cyclooxygenase. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12746435 |
Kanbe E et al. | DR1-like element in human topoisomerase IIalpha gene involved in enhancement of etoposide-induced apoptosis by PPARgamma ligand. | 2003 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12691917 |
Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
Hammad H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits airway dendritic cell migration and function in steady state conditions by selective activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14530310 |
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Pérez-Sala D et al. | Molecular basis for the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14532268 |
Hata AN et al. | Expression and molecular pharmacology of the mouse CRTH2 receptor. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12721327 |
Yee LD et al. | The antiproliferative effects of PPARgamma ligands in normal human mammary epithelial cells. | 2003 | Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | pmid:12725418 |
Oliva JL et al. | The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 binds to and activates H-Ras. | 2003 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12684535 |
Paumi CM et al. | Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 and MRP3 attenuate cytotoxic and transactivating effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J2 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:12731885 |
Gosset P et al. | Prostaglandin D2 affects the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: consequence on the polarization of naive Th cells. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12734337 |
Lu S et al. | Specific gene expression of isoforms in cyclooxygenase pathway to generate PGJ2 derivatives during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2003 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12751756 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:12759491 |
Sommer A et al. | A dominant role for extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus is the production of prostaglandin D2. | 2003 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:12761146 |
Irikura D et al. | Cloning, expression, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant mouse lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, a somnogen-producing enzyme. | 2003 | J. Biochem. | pmid:12761195 |
Shibata T et al. | Thioredoxin as a molecular target of cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12709421 |
Zhuang H et al. | Regulation of heme oxygenase expression by cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2003 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:12709576 |
Kämpfer H et al. | Cyclooxygenase-1-coupled prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes an essential prerequisite for skin repair. | 2003 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12713596 |
Brown JR et al. | Diminished production of anti-inflammatory mediators during neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714573 |
Tautenhahn A et al. | Activation-induced PPARgamma expression sensitizes primary human T cells toward apoptosis. | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714582 |
Desmond JC et al. | The aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 is a novel suppressor of cell differentiation that provides a plausible target for the non-cyclooxygenase-dependent antineoplastic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12543809 |
Tanaka H et al. | Possible involvement of prostaglandins F(2alpha) and D(2) in acetylcholine-induced positive inotropy in isolated mouse left atria. | 2003 | Pharmacology | pmid:12571412 |
Kajekar R et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase activation and prostaglandins in antigen-induced excitability changes of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:12618420 |
Wanichkul T et al. | Cytokine regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human endometrial cells. | 2003 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:12620489 |
Monneret G et al. | 15R-methyl-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2/DP2 receptor agonist in human eosinophils. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12490611 |
Li L et al. | RasGRP4 regulates the expression of prostaglandin D2 in human and rat mast cell lines. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12493770 |
Winnett G et al. | Prostaglandin J2 metabolites inhibit aromatase activity by redox-sensitive mechanisms: potential implications for breast cancer therapy. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12494466 |
Kalla R et al. | Loss of microglial ramification in microglia-astrocyte cocultures: involvement of adenylate cyclase, calcium, phosphatase, and Gi-protein systems. | 2003 | Glia | pmid:12465045 |
Arici M et al. | Stimulation of proximal tubular cell apoptosis by albumin-bound fatty acids mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma. | 2003 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:12506134 |
Badawi AF and Badr MZ | Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human breast cancer and metastasis. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12455057 |