Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Khan E and Abu-Amer Y | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibits differentiation of preosteoblasts. | 2003 | J. Lab. Clin. Med. | pmid:12878983 |
Yuan ZY et al. | [Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of T cell immunity]. | 2003 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:14703419 |
Ceaser EK et al. | Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2 increase mitochondrial complex I activity in endothelial cells. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:12881207 |
Genovese A et al. | Protein Fv produced during viral hepatitis is an endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen activating human heart mast cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:14707465 |
Aoun P et al. | Neuroprotective effects of PPARgamma agonists against oxidative insults in HT-22 cells. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12860474 |
Zanoni G et al. | First total synthesis of JS isoprostane. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12868940 |
Zahradka P et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma1 inhibits human smooth muscle cell proliferation. | 2003 | Mol. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:12841350 |
Keelan JA et al. | Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition--a review. | 2003 | Placenta | pmid:12842412 |
Chen CW et al. | Inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase induction by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2, involves inhibition of the upstream Janus kinase/STAT1 signaling pathway. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12847270 |
Date M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. | 2003 | Liver Int. | pmid:14986820 |
Piliponsky AM et al. | Non-IgE-dependent activation of human lung- and cord blood-derived mast cells is induced by eosinophil major basic protein and modulated by the membrane form of stem cell factor. | 2003 | Blood | pmid:12393403 |
Lee TS et al. | Induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of low dose 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12642589 |
Pavan L et al. | Human invasive trophoblasts transformed with simian virus 40 provide a new tool to study the role of PPARgamma in cell invasion process. | 2003 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:12807721 |
Guyton K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists modulate macrophage activation by gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial stimuli. | 2003 | Shock | pmid:12813370 |
Burgermeister E et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 expression in human carcinoma cells. | 2003 | Oncogene | pmid:12813462 |
Satoh T et al. | Role of heme oxygenase-1 protein in the neuroprotective effects of cyclopentenone prostaglandin derivatives under oxidative stress. | 2003 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:12814358 |
Ianaro A et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and 2-cyclopenten-1-one: role of the heat shock response. | 2003 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12815164 |
Hashimoto K et al. | The PPARgamma ligand, 15d-PGJ2, attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. | 2003 | Pancreas | pmid:12826907 |
Zingarelli B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone, reduce systemic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14662889 |
Urade Y et al. | Sleep regulation in adenosine A2A receptor-deficient mice. | 2003 | Neurology | pmid:14663019 |
Montuschi P et al. | Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD. | 2003 | Thorax | pmid:12832671 |
Placha W et al. | The effect of PPARgamma ligands on the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells. | 2003 | Melanoma Res. | pmid:14512786 |
Taba Y et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 and laminar fluid shear stress stabilize c-IAP1 in vascular endothelial cells. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:12623786 |
Fukuchi K et al. | Apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinomas is induced by 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 but not by troglitazone. | 2003 | J. Dent. Res. | pmid:14514760 |
Józkowicz A et al. | Prostaglandin-J(2) upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 independently of activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2003 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:14515149 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:14518569 |
Lee CH and Edwards AM | Differential expression of c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes by estrogens, xenobiotics and other growth-stimulatory agents in primary rat hepatocytes. | 2003 | Arch. Toxicol. | pmid:12632255 |
Yoshimura R et al. | The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand on urological cancer cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612958 |
Okano H et al. | The PPARgamma ligand, 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, regulates apoptosis-related protein expression in cholangio cell carcinoma cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612959 |
Ajmone-Cat MA et al. | Prolonged exposure of microglia to lipopolysaccharide modifies the intracellular signaling pathways and selectively promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:14622099 |
Shichijo M et al. | Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells activation in vivo increases blood leukocyte counts and its blockade abrogates 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophilia in rats. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12975488 |
Pierzchalska M et al. | Deficient prostaglandin E2 production by bronchial fibroblasts of asthmatic patients, with special reference to aspirin-induced asthma. | 2003 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:12743569 |
Gao L et al. | Formation of prostaglandins E2 and D2 via the isoprostane pathway: a mechanism for the generation of bioactive prostaglandins independent of cyclooxygenase. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12746435 |
Kanbe E et al. | DR1-like element in human topoisomerase IIalpha gene involved in enhancement of etoposide-induced apoptosis by PPARgamma ligand. | 2003 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12691917 |
Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
Zernecke A et al. | Suppression of endothelial adhesion molecule up-regulation with cyclopentenone prostaglandins is dissociated from IkappaB-alpha kinase inhibition and cell death induction. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:12692090 |
Hammad H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits airway dendritic cell migration and function in steady state conditions by selective activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14530310 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | Oxidative stress causes ERK phosphorylation and cell death in cultured retinal pigment epithelium: prevention of cell death by AG126 and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ2. | 2003 | BMC Ophthalmol | pmid:12659653 |
Fukuda T | [Trend in chemical mediator research in asthma and its application for asthma treatment]. | 2003 | Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:14531291 |
Pérez-Sala D et al. | Molecular basis for the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14532268 |
Chung YW et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on Fas-mediated apoptosis in HT-29 cells]. | 2003 | Korean J Gastroenterol | pmid:14532729 |
Komar CM and Curry TE | Inverse relationship between the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and P450 side chain cleavage in the rat ovary. | 2003 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:12700202 |
Worley JR et al. | Metalloproteinase expression in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists and 9-cis-retinoic acid. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14534304 |
Bochenek G et al. | A controlled study of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 (a prostaglandin D2 metabolite) in plasma and urine of patients with bronchial asthma and healthy controls after aspirin challenge. | 2003 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:12704352 |
Bernardo A et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates the functional state and the survival of microglial cells through multiple molecular mechanisms. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:14535956 |
Castaño E and Gil J | 15-deoxy-delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 synergizes with phorbol ester to induce proliferation in Swiss 3T3 cells independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and PGD2 receptors. | 2003 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:12704651 |
Ianaro A et al. | 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and prostaglandin J2 reduce restenosis after balloon angioplasty in rats: role of NF-kappaB. | 2003 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:14550540 |
Ando M et al. | Retrovirally introduced prostaglandin D2 synthase suppresses lung injury induced by bleomycin. | 2003 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12707014 |
Imaizumi T et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on IL-1beta-induced expression of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78 in human endothelial cells. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:14580366 |
Cippitelli M et al. | The cyclopentenone-type prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits CD95 ligand gene expression in T lymphocytes: interference with promoter activation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanisms. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12707336 |
Heinemann A et al. | Delta 12-prostaglandin J2, a plasma metabolite of prostaglandin D2, causes eosinophil mobilization from the bone marrow and primes eosinophils for chemotaxis. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12707356 |
Ye P et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in human endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression. | 2003 | Chin. Med. J. | pmid:12667383 |
Kämpfer H et al. | Cyclooxygenase-1-coupled prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes an essential prerequisite for skin repair. | 2003 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12713596 |
Brown JR et al. | Diminished production of anti-inflammatory mediators during neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714573 |
Tautenhahn A et al. | Activation-induced PPARgamma expression sensitizes primary human T cells toward apoptosis. | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714582 |
Desmond JC et al. | The aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 is a novel suppressor of cell differentiation that provides a plausible target for the non-cyclooxygenase-dependent antineoplastic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12543809 |
Tanaka H et al. | Possible involvement of prostaglandins F(2alpha) and D(2) in acetylcholine-induced positive inotropy in isolated mouse left atria. | 2003 | Pharmacology | pmid:12571412 |
Söderström M et al. | Novel prostaglandin D(2)-derived activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma are formed in macrophage cell cultures. | 2003 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12573447 |
Gibbons H et al. | Hypothermia suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase and stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide stimulated BV-2 cells. | 2003 | Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. | pmid:12573534 |
Patel HJ et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in human airway smooth muscle cells has a superior anti-inflammatory profile to corticosteroids: relevance for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12594295 |
Ruan XZ et al. | PPAR agonists protect mesangial cells from interleukin 1beta-induced intracellular lipid accumulation by activating the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux pathway. | 2003 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:12595494 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)- PGJ2 attenuates the development of colon injury caused by dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in the rat. | 2003 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12598422 |
Castrillo A et al. | Potentiation of protein kinase C zeta activity by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces an imbalance between mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappa B that promotes apoptosis in macrophages. | 2003 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:12556480 |
Farrow B and Evers BM | Activation of PPARgamma increases PTEN expression in pancreatic cancer cells. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12535639 |
Park EJ et al. | 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone suppress Janus kinase-STAT inflammatory signaling through induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 in glia. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12584205 |
Arici M et al. | Stimulation of proximal tubular cell apoptosis by albumin-bound fatty acids mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma. | 2003 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:12506134 |
Badawi AF and Badr MZ | Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human breast cancer and metastasis. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12455057 |
Weber SM et al. | Inhibition of IFN-gamma -induced STAT1 activation by 15- deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:12517740 |
Pang L et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 expression by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12517972 |
Neuschäfer-Rube F et al. | Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids contributing to ligand-binding specificity or signal transduction properties of the human FP prostanoid receptor. | 2003 | Biochem. J. | pmid:12519077 |
Calnek DS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12524224 |
Hashimoto T et al. | Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental allergic conjunctivitis in Guinea pigs. | 2003 | J Ocul Pharmacol Ther | pmid:14733714 |
Hirai H et al. | Gene structure and functional properties of mouse CRTH2, a prostaglandin D2 receptor. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12878180 |
Zhang X et al. | Unexpected sensitivity of synthetic Renilla luciferase control vectors to treatment with a cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2003 | BioTechniques | pmid:14682047 |
Kanaoka Y and Urade Y | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895599 |
Nagata K and Hirai H | The second PGD(2) receptor CRTH2: structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895600 |
Powell WS | A novel PGD(2) receptor expressed in eosinophils. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895601 |
Kabashima K and Narumiya S | The DP receptor, allergic inflammation and asthma. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895602 |
Moore RM et al. | Physiological apoptotic agents have different effects upon human amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells. | 2003 Feb-Mar | Placenta | pmid:12566244 |
Kasim-Karakas SE et al. | Metabolic and endocrine effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet in polycystic ovary syndrome. | 2004 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14764771 |
Hirai H | [Prostaglandin D2 in allergy: PGD2 has dual receptor systems]. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695454 |
Uehara Y | [PGD(2)/L-PGDS system in hypertension and renal injury]. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695455 |
Miwa Y et al. | Physiology and pharmacology of the prostaglandin J2 family. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695456 |
Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
Rodway HA et al. | Lysophosphatidic acid attenuates the cytotoxic effects and degree of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induced by 15-deoxyDelta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in neuroblastoma cells. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:15171682 |
Morii E and Oboki K | MITF is necessary for generation of prostaglandin D2 in mouse mast cells. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15375155 |
Subbarayan V et al. | Differential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma isoform expression and agonist effects in normal and malignant prostate cells. | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. | pmid:15533897 |
Eucker J et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma. | 2004 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:15514564 |
Yoshida M et al. | Methotrexate enhances prostaglandin D2-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15519494 |
Giri S et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the inflammatory response in primary rat astrocytes via down-regulating multiple steps in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-NF-kappaB-p300 pathway independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15470065 |
Higashihara H et al. | Hypoxia-reoxygenation enhances interleukin-8 production from U937 human monocytic cells. | 2004 | Redox Rep. | pmid:15720834 |
Yoshimura-Uchiyama C et al. | Differential modulation of human basophil functions through prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells/DP2. | 2004 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:15298571 |
Kielian T et al. | S. aureus-dependent microglial activation is selectively attenuated by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta12,14- prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). | 2004 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:15312171 |
Weber SM et al. | PPARgamma ligands induce ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells: ER stress activation results in attenuation of cytokine signaling. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:15315910 |
Szczeklik W et al. | Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15316498 |
Siavash H et al. | Abrogation of IL-6-mediated JAK signalling by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) in oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 2004 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:15316561 |
Ruiz PA et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-mediated ERK signaling inhibits gram-negative bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and interleukin-6 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15199053 |
Shimomura K et al. | Fenofibrate, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:15201343 |
Hawcroft G et al. | Expression of prostaglandin D2 receptors DP1 and DP2 by human colorectal cancer cells. | 2004 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15172124 |
Son DJ et al. | Antiplatelet effect of green tea catechins: a possible mechanism through arachidonic acid pathway. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15172681 |