Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Thornhill J and Asselin J | Temperature and hemodynamic changes associated with increased neural damage to global hemispheric hypoxic ischemia by prior prostaglandin E2, D2 and F2alpha administration. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10574644 |
Tokuda H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces interleukin-6 synthesis via Ca2+ mobilization in osteoblasts: regulation by protein kinase C. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10582659 |
Uehara Y | [Prostaglandin D2]. | 1999 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:10635955 |
Charpigny G et al. | Correlation of increased concentration of ovine endometrial cyclooxygenase 2 with the increase in PGE2 and PGD2 in the late luteal phase. | 1999 | J. Reprod. Fertil. | pmid:10690199 |
Bishop-Bailey D and Hla T | Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 1999 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10358055 |
Mita H et al. | Generation of thromboxane A2 from highly purified human sinus mast cells after immunological stimulation. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10359019 |
Gilroy DW et al. | Inducible cyclooxygenase may have anti-inflammatory properties. | 1999 | Nat. Med. | pmid:10371510 |
Kwon G et al. | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced pancreatic beta-cell insulin resistance is mediated by nitric oxide and prevented by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and aminoguanidine. A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation and inos expression. | 1999 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10373483 |
Sinha D et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2: a putative endogenous promoter of adipogenesis suppresses the ob gene. | 1999 | Metab. Clin. Exp. | pmid:10381155 |
O'Sullivan S et al. | Analyses of prostaglandin D2 metabolites in urine: comparison between enzyme immunoassay and negative ion chemical ionisation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10410385 |
Satoh T et al. | Prostaglandin J2 and its metabolites promote neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells. | 1999 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10222233 |
Goetze S et al. | PPAR gamma-ligands inhibit migration mediated by multiple chemoattractants in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 1999 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:10226869 |
Koro O et al. | Chemical mediators in atopic dermatitis: involvement of leukotriene B4 released by a type I allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. | 1999 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:10200017 |
Petrova TV et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins suppress activation of microglia: down-regulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 1999 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10200320 |
Brambilla R et al. | Cyclo-oxygenase-2 mediates P2Y receptor-induced reactive astrogliosis. | 1999 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10188963 |
Xin X et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. | 1999 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10085162 |
Asano M et al. | Troglitazone and pioglitazone attenuate agonist-dependent Ca2+ mobilization and cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 1999 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10516648 |
Alvarez-Dolado M et al. | Retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibit tenascin-C expression in rat glioma C6 cells. | 1999 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:10502285 |
Jackson SM et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. | 1999 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:10479650 |
Sawada H et al. | Regulation of type V phospholipase A2 expression and function by proinflammatory stimuli. | 1999 | Eur. J. Biochem. | pmid:10469147 |
Furutani K et al. | Substance P- and antigen-induced release of leukotriene B4, prostaglandin D2 and histamine from guinea pig skin by different mechanisms in vitro. | 1999 Jul-Aug | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:10482019 |
Marx N et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators inhibit IFN-gamma-induced expression of the T cell-active CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC in human endothelial cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10843708 |
Reilly CM et al. | Inhibition of mesangial cell nitric oxide in MRL/lpr mice by prostaglandin J2 and proliferator activation receptor-gamma agonists. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10640767 |
Dumont I et al. | Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by PGD(2) in the developing choroid. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:10644584 |
Nojima H et al. | Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin D2 cooperatively accelerate desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel in mouse skeletal muscles. | 2000 | Brain Res. | pmid:10661520 |
Galli A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transcriptional regulation is involved in platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells. | 2000 | Hepatology | pmid:10613734 |
Kuwamoto K et al. | Possible involvement of enhanced prostaglandin E2 production in the photosensitivity in xeroderma pigmentosum group A model mice. | 2000 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:10651981 |
Padilla J et al. | PPAR-gamma-mediated regulation of normal and malignant B lineage cells. | 2000 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:10818446 |
Padilla J et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2 on B lineage cells. | 2000 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:10818475 |
Hwang SW et al. | Direct activation of capsaicin receptors by products of lipoxygenases: endogenous capsaicin-like substances. | 2000 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10823958 |
Inoue H et al. | Feedback control of cyclooxygenase-2 expression through PPARgamma. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10827178 |
Straus DS et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. | 2000 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10781090 |
Sanchez Mejia RO et al. | Matrix-associated transforming growth factor-beta1 primes mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells for increased high-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E-dependent eicosanoid biosynthesis. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:10783127 |
Feng J et al. | Induction of CD36 expression by oxidized LDL and IL-4 by a common signaling pathway dependent on protein kinase C and PPAR-gamma. | 2000 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:10787429 |
Wächtershäuser A et al. | PPAR-gamma is selectively upregulated in Caco-2 cells by butyrate. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10833422 |
Macfarlane AJ et al. | Sputum cysteinyl leukotrienes increase 24 hours after allergen inhalation in atopic asthmatics. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10806153 |
Taba Y et al. | Fluid shear stress induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2000 | Circ. Res. | pmid:10807869 |
Sharif NA et al. | Affinities, selectivities, potencies, and intrinsic activities of natural and synthetic prostanoids using endogenous receptors: focus on DP class prostanoids. | 2000 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:10772998 |
Marvin KW et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed in human gestational tissues and is functionally active in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cells. | 2000 | Placenta | pmid:10833383 |
Shirahase H et al. | Inhibitory effects of PGD2, PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 on iNOS induction in rat mesenteric artery. | 2000 | Life Sci. | pmid:10834301 |
Koppal T et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) acts as a general inhibitor of inflammatory responses in activated BV-2 microglial cells. | 2000 | Brain Res. | pmid:10837804 |
Asano T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 (PPARgamma1) expresses in rat mesangial cells and PPARgamma agonists modulate its differentiation. | 2000 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:10838168 |
Viergutz T et al. | Relationship between different stages of the corpus luteum and the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein in bovine large lutein cells. | 2000 | J. Reprod. Fertil. | pmid:10793637 |
Fennekohl A et al. | Induction by interleukin 6 of G(s)-coupled prostaglandin E(2) receptors in rat hepatocytes mediating a prostaglandin E(2)-dependent inhibition of the hepatocyte's acute phase response. | 2000 | Hepatology | pmid:10796889 |
Enomoto A et al. | Redundant and segregated functions of granule-associated heparin-binding group II subfamily of secretory phospholipases A2 in the regulation of degranulation and prostaglandin D2 synthesis in mast cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11034411 |
Sugiyama H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in human cultured mast cells: a possible role of these receptors in negative regulation of mast cell activation. | 2000 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:11093153 |
Faveeuw C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-12 production in murine dendritic cells. | 2000 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:11119715 |
Padilla J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma agonists and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-PGJ(2) induce apoptosis in normal and malignant B-lineage cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11120820 |
Sharif NA et al. | Pharmacology and autoradiography of human DP prostanoid receptors using [(3)H]-BWA868C, a DP receptor-selective antagonist radioligand. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11082108 |
Hortelano S et al. | Contribution of cyclopentenone prostaglandins to the resolution of inflammation through the potentiation of apoptosis in activated macrophages. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11086094 |
Fukushima S et al. | Preparation and evaluation of o/w type emulsions containing antitumor prostaglandin. | 2000 | Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. | pmid:11104898 |
Honma S et al. | Effects of naturally-occurring acid fog on inflammatory mediators in airway and pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients. | 2000 | Respir Med | pmid:11059945 |
Schaiff WT et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma modulates differentiation of human trophoblast in a ligand-specific manner. | 2000 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:11061552 |
Saarinen JV et al. | Release of histamine and leukotriene C4 in immediate allergic wheal reaction as measured with the microdialysis technique. | 2000 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:10966057 |
Miyahara T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hepatic stellate cell activation. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10969082 |
Vanaja DK et al. | Tumor prevention and antitumor immunity with heat shock protein 70 induced by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate cells. | 2000 | Cancer Res. | pmid:10987274 |
Soler M et al. | Human vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells express prostaglandin E synthase. | 2000 | Circ. Res. | pmid:10988243 |
Sakamoto H et al. | Involvement of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in the modulation of prostaglandin D2 synthesis. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11010961 |
Bernardo A et al. | Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and its natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in the regulation of microglial functions. | 2000 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:10947800 |
Kozak KR et al. | Oxygenation of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonylglycerol, to glyceryl prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10931854 |
Hartert TV et al. | Prostaglandin E(2) decreases allergen-stimulated release of prostaglandin D(2) in airways of subjects with asthma. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10934099 |
Maxey KM et al. | The nature and composition of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)PGJ(2). | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936412 |
Clay CE et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)PGJ(2) induces diverse biological responses via PPARgamma activation in cancer cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936413 |
Mc Clay EF | The effects of Delta(12)-PGJ(2) on malignant cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936416 |
Yokoyama Y et al. | Synergistic antiproliferative effect of delta 12-prostaglandin J2 (delta 12-PGJ2) and hyperthermia on human esophageal cancer cell lines. | 2000 | Hum. Cell | pmid:10937344 |
Davis TL and Sharif NA | Pharmacological characterization of [(3)H]-prostaglandin E(2) binding to the cloned human EP(4) prostanoid receptor. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10952683 |
Woodward DF et al. | Replacement of the carboxylic acid group of prostaglandin f(2alpha) with a hydroxyl or methoxy substituent provides biologically unique compounds. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10952685 |
Nishio T et al. | Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10973807 |
Heneka MT et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands reduce neuronal inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death in vivo. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:10995830 |
Uchida K | Induction of glutathione S-transferase by prostaglandins. | 2000 | Mech. Ageing Dev. | pmid:10996013 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma increase the generation of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells and in macrophages. | 2000 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:11996104 |
Kershenovich A et al. | Angiotensin II does not mediate the pressor response to PGD2 (icv). | 2000 | J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst | pmid:11967813 |
Chattopadhyay N et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) in human astrocytic cells: PPARgamma agonists as inducers of apoptosis. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:10861801 |
Paik JH et al. | Two opposing effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. Mediation through different signaling pathways. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10866999 |
Maggi LB et al. | Anti-inflammatory actions of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 and troglitazone: evidence for heat shock-dependent and -independent inhibition of cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. | 2000 | Diabetes | pmid:10868955 |
Abdelaziz MM et al. | The potential of active metabolites of antihistamines in the management of allergic disease. | 2000 | Allergy | pmid:10843422 |
Norwitz ER and Wilson T | Secretory component: a potential regulator of endometrial-decidual prostaglandin production in early human pregnancy. | 2000 | Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. | pmid:10920317 |
Yoshida Y et al. | Prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes and sleep: promotion by EP4 and inhibition by EP1/EP2. | 2000 | Neuroreport | pmid:10923657 |
Marra F et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulate profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells. | 2000 | Gastroenterology | pmid:10930382 |
Ikeda Y et al. | Suppression of rat thromboxane synthase gene transcription by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in macrophages via an interaction with NRF2. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10930400 |
Bamba H et al. | Prostaglandins up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production through distinct pathways in differentiated U937 cells. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10873632 |
Ikeda U et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit nitric oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Hypertension | pmid:10856269 |
Ajuebor MN et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin D(2) is an early anti-inflammatory signal in experimental colitis. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:10898767 |
Sugiyama H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2000 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:10675550 |
Matsuoka T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma. | 2000 | Science | pmid:10720327 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: a role of prostaglandin D2. | 2000 | Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. | pmid:10724461 |
Tanaka K et al. | Cutting edge: differential production of prostaglandin D2 by human helper T cell subsets. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10679060 |
Chan CL et al. | Characterization of prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of histamine release from anti-IgE-activated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10711359 |
Urade Y and Hayaishi O | Prostaglandin D synthase: structure and function. | 2000 | Vitam. Horm. | pmid:10668396 |
Castrillo A et al. | Inhibition of IkappaB kinase and IkappaB phosphorylation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated murine macrophages. | 2000 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:10669746 |
Butler R et al. | Nonapoptotic cell death associated with S-phase arrest of prostate cancer cells via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2000 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:10672903 |
Liu JH | Circadian variations of prostaglandins in the rabbit aqueous humor. | 2000 | J Ocul Pharmacol Ther | pmid:10673131 |
Kowalski ML et al. | Differential metabolism of arachidonic acid in nasal polyp epithelial cells cultured from aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10673176 |
Kubata BK et al. | Identification of a novel prostaglandin f(2alpha) synthase in Trypanosoma brucei. | 2000 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11067881 |
Takeda K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators downregulate angiotensin II type 1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Circulation | pmid:11023940 |
Reich EE et al. | Formation of novel D-ring and E-ring isoprostane-like compounds (D4/E4-neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid. | 2000 | Biochemistry | pmid:10694406 |
Wright DH et al. | The human prostanoid DP receptor stimulates mucin secretion in LS174T cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11139429 |
Li LH and Ku BS | [Regulation of SWS by hormones and cytokines]. | 2000 | Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan | pmid:12532764 |
Kitatani K et al. | Role of phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid as a substrate for phospholipase A2 in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2000 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11145171 |
Hamel L et al. | Induction of heat shock protein 70 by herbimycin A and cyclopentenone prostaglandins in smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:11147963 |