Acetyl-d-carnitine

Acetyl-d-carnitine is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class.

Cross Reference

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

Current reference collection contains 2875 references associated with Acetyl-d-carnitine in LipidPedia. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated biomedical terms are recognized in our current text-mining method, we cannot extract any biomedical terms related to diseases, pathways, locations, functions, genes, lipids, and animal models from the associated reference collection.

Users can download the reference list at the bottom of this page and read the reference manually to find out biomedical information.


Here are additional resources we collected from PubChem and MeSH for Acetyl-d-carnitine

Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with Acetyl-d-carnitine

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Body Weight D001835 333 associated lipids
Alzheimer Disease D000544 76 associated lipids
Parkinson Disease D010300 53 associated lipids
Coronary Artery Disease D003324 47 associated lipids
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors D000592 16 associated lipids
Cleft Lip D002971 8 associated lipids
Proteostasis Deficiencies D057165 5 associated lipids
Total 7

All references with Acetyl-d-carnitine

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 877
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Paradies G et al. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase activity in cardiac mitochondria from aged rats: the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine. 1995 Mech. Ageing Dev. pmid:8788238
Gómez LA et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation reverses the age-related decline in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity in interfibrillar mitochondria without changing the L-carnitine content in the rat heart. 2012 Feb-Mar Mech. Ageing Dev. pmid:22322067
Bales JR et al. 1H NMR studies of urine during fasting: excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine. 1986 Magn Reson Med pmid:2434822
Xu S et al. In vivo longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat brain injury: Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine. 2015 Magn Reson Med pmid:25461739
Ren J et al. Dynamic monitoring of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the trimethylamine signal after exercise in human skeletal muscle by 7T 1H-MRS. 2013 Magn Reson Med pmid:22473634
Boss A et al. Skeletal muscle ¹H MRSI before and after prolonged exercise. II. visibility of free carnitine. 2012 Magn Reson Med pmid:22287218
Josan S et al. Dynamic metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [2-(13) C]pyruvate using spiral chemical shift imaging with alternating spectral band excitation. 2014 Magn Reson Med pmid:23878057
Hu S et al. Use of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [2-13C]pyruvate to probe the effects of the anticancer agent dichloroacetate on mitochondrial metabolism in vivo in the normal rat. 2012 Magn Reson Imaging pmid:22819176
Bayles DO and Wilkinson BJ Osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants for Listeria monocytogenes. 2000 Lett. Appl. Microbiol. pmid:10728555
Evans AM et al. Impact of hemodialysis on endogenous plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. 2004 Kidney Int. pmid:15458447
Ishii T et al. Anti-apoptotic effect of acetyl-l-carnitine and I-carnitine in primary cultured neurons. 2000 Jpn. J. Pharmacol. pmid:10928324
Kohjimoto Y et al. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on the brain lipofuscin content and emotional behavior in aged rats. 1988 Jpn. J. Pharmacol. pmid:3221536
Matsui K et al. Effect of l-carnitine chloride and its acetyl derivative on the electrophysiological derangement induced by palmityl-l-carnitine in isolated canine ventricular muscle. 1985 Jpn. J. Pharmacol. pmid:4087570
Jones AR and Bubb WA Substrates for endogenous metabolism by mature boar spermatozoa. 2000 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:10864822
Jeulin C et al. Uptake and release of free L-carnitine by boar epididymal spermatozoa in vitro and subsequent acetylation rate. 1994 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:8182599
Jeulin C et al. The distribution of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of the boar. 1987 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:3572883
Casillas ER et al. Distribution of carnitine and acylcarnitine in the hamster epididymis and in epididymal spermatozoa during maturation. 1984 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:6471048
Hinton BT et al. Effects of carnitine and some related compounds on the motility of rat spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis. 1981 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:7452626
Brooks DE Carnitine, acetylcarnitine and the activity of carnitine acyltransferases in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men, rams and rats. 1979 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:480318
Casillas ER and Chaipayungpan S The distribution of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the rabbit epididymis and the carnitine content of rabbit spermatozoa during maturation. 1979 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:480302
Golan R et al. Influence of various substrates on the acetylcarnitine:carnitine ratio in motile and immotile human spermatozoa. 1986 J. Reprod. Fertil. pmid:3761272
Stephens FB et al. New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle. 2007 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:17331998
Mattei B et al. Pharmacologically induced enhancement of recurrent inhibition in humans: effects on motoneurone discharge patterns. 2003 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:12611926
Roberts PA et al. The temporal relationship between glycogen phosphorylase and activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex during adrenaline infusion in resting canine skeletal muscle. 2002 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:12433969
van Loon LJ et al. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. 2001 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:11579177
Tucek S The synthesis of acetylcholine in skeletal muscles of the rat. 1982 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:7069630
Mallinson JE et al. Pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces statin-mediated upregulation of FOXO gene targets and protects against statin myopathy in rodents. 2012 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:23045346
Watt MJ et al. Carbohydrate ingestion reduces skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine availability but has no effect on substrate phosphorylation at the onset of exercise in man. 2002 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:12411537
Watt MJ et al. Intramuscular triacylglycerol, glycogen and acetyl group metabolism during 4 h of moderate exercise in man. 2002 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:12068055
Grassi B et al. Oxygen uptake on-kinetics in dog gastrocnemius in situ following activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate. 2002 J. Physiol. (Lond.) pmid:11773328
Nakamura J et al. Polyol pathway hyperactivity is closely related to carnitine deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 1998 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:9864270
Wu X et al. Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter. 1999 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:10454528
Srikanth V et al. Effects of ethanol treatment on epididymal secretory products and sperm maturation in albino rats. 1999 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:9918552
Iossa S et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation differently influences nutrient partitioning, serum leptin concentration and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in young and old rats. 2002 J. Nutr. pmid:11925454
Ewan EE and Hagg T Intrathecal Acetyl-L-Carnitine Protects Tissue and Improves Function after a Mild Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. 2016 J. Neurotrauma pmid:26415041
Szutowicz A et al. Nerve growth factor and acetyl-L-carnitine evoked shifts in acetyl-CoA and cholinergic SN56 cell vulnerability to neurotoxic inputs. 2005 Jan 1-15 J. Neurosci. Res. pmid:15558747
Benzi G et al. Cerebral endogenous substrate utilization during the recovery period after profound hypoglycemia. 1984 J. Neurosci. Res. pmid:6748113
Patacchioli FR et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine reduces the age-dependent loss of glucocorticoid receptors in the rat hippocampus: an autoradiographic study. 1989 J. Neurosci. Res. pmid:2769802
Shenk JC et al. The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine and R-alpha-lipoic acid treatment in ApoE4 mouse as a model of human Alzheimer's disease. 2009 J. Neurol. Sci. pmid:19342064
Mazzocchio R et al. Enhancement of recurrent inhibition by intravenous administration of L-acetylcarnitine in spastic patients. 1990 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry pmid:2341845
Kido Y et al. Functional relevance of carnitine transporter OCTN2 to brain distribution of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine across the blood-brain barrier. 2001 J. Neurochem. pmid:11739607
Ricciolini R et al. Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in rat brain lipogenesis: implications for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. 1998 J. Neurochem. pmid:9832150
Hayashi H and Kato T Acetyl-CoA synthesizing enzyme activities in single nerve cell bodies of rabbit. 1978 J. Neurochem. pmid:29944
Corthay J et al. Incorporation of acetate into acetylcholine, acetylcarnitine, and amino acids in the Torpedo electric organ. 1985 J. Neurochem. pmid:4056793
Jiang X et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates spatial memory deficits induced by inhibition of phosphoinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C. 2011 J. Neurochem. pmid:21689104
Scafidi S et al. Metabolism of acetyl-L-carnitine for energy and neurotransmitter synthesis in the immature rat brain. 2010 J. Neurochem. pmid:20477950
Patel SP et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction following contusion spinal cord injury. 2010 J. Neurochem. pmid:20438613
Williams ES and Li TK The effect of chronic alcohol administration on fatty acid metabolism and pyruvate oxidation of heart mitochondria. 1977 J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. pmid:563474
Pascale E et al. Modulation of methylation in the FMR1 promoter region after long term treatment with L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. 2003 J. Med. Genet. pmid:12807975
Ryckman KK et al. The influence of maternal disease on metabolites measured as part of newborn screening. 2013 J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. pmid:23550828
Lindquist C et al. Increased hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation reduces plasma and liver TG levels and is associated with regulation of UCPs and APOC-III in rats. 2017 J. Lipid Res. pmid:28473603
Tanaka Y et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation restores decreased tissue carnitine levels and impaired lipid metabolism in aged rats. 2004 J. Lipid Res. pmid:14703509
Lligona-Trulla L et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine flux to lipids in cells estimated using isotopomer spectral analysis. 1997 J. Lipid Res. pmid:9254070
Huemer M et al. Newborn screening for homocystinurias and methylation disorders: systematic review and proposed guidelines. 2015 J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. pmid:25762406
Pocchiari M et al. Amphotericin B delays the incubation period of scrapie in intracerebrally inoculated hamsters. 1987 J. Gen. Virol. pmid:2433387
Samms RJ et al. Dual effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 on hepatic energy metabolism. 2015 J. Endocrinol. pmid:26294388
Hershman DL et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer therapy. 2013 J. Clin. Oncol. pmid:23733756
Sima AA et al. Primary preventive and secondary interventionary effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on diabetic neuropathy in the bio-breeding Worcester rat. 1996 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:8621774
Timmons JA et al. Substrate availability limits human skeletal muscle oxidative ATP regeneration at the onset of ischemic exercise. 1998 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:9421469
Hiatt WR et al. Carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism during exercise in humans. Dependence on skeletal muscle metabolic state. 1989 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:2794054
Morigi M et al. Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial dynamic improvements protect against acute kidney injury. 2015 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:25607838
Lindeboom L et al. Long-echo time MR spectroscopy for skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine detection. 2014 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:25271624
Timmons JA et al. Increased acetyl group availability enhances contractile function of canine skeletal muscle during ischemia. 1996 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:8609248
Murakami K et al. Alterations of urinary acetylcarnitine in valproate-treated rats: the effect of L-carnitine supplementation. 1992 J. Child Neurol. pmid:1469250
Peluso G et al. Differential carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase expression defines distinct metabolic signatures in skeletal muscle cells. 2005 J. Cell. Physiol. pmid:15515015
Zhang H et al. Combined R-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine exerts efficient preventative effects in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. 2010 J. Cell. Mol. Med. pmid:20414966
Aliev G et al. Neuronal mitochondrial amelioration by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to aged rats. 2009 J. Cell. Mol. Med. pmid:18373733
Shen W et al. Protective effects of R-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine in MIN6 and isolated rat islet cells chronically exposed to oleic acid. 2008 J. Cell. Biochem. pmid:18260126
Jensen MV et al. Compensatory responses to pyruvate carboxylase suppression in islet beta-cells. Preservation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. 2006 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:16740637
Jenkins DL and Griffith OW DL-aminocarnitine and acetyl-DL-aminocarnitine. Potent inhibitors of carnitine acyltransferases and hepatic triglyceride catabolism. 1985 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:3840486
Tamai I et al. Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2. 1998 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:9685390
Emaus RK and Bieber LL A biosynthetic role for carnitine in the yeast Torulopsis bovina. 1983 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:6685127
MARQUIS NR and FRITZ IB EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CARNITINE, ACETYLCARNITINE, AND CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE IN TISSUES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE MALE RAT. 1965 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:14299647
MARQUIS NR and FRITZ IB THE DISTRIBUTION OF CARNITINE, ACETYLCARNITINE, AND CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE IN RAT TISSUES. 1965 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:14299646
Bian F et al. Peroxisomal and mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids in the heart, assessed from the 13C labeling of malonyl-CoA and the acetyl moiety of citrate. 2005 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:15611129
Ganapathy ME et al. beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. 2000 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:10636865
Murthy MS and Pande SV Mechanism of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase-catalyzed import of acylcarnitines into mitochondria. 1984 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:6430896
Jensen PR et al. Tissue-specific short chain fatty acid metabolism and slow metabolic recovery after ischemia from hyperpolarized NMR in vivo. 2009 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:19861411
Leblanc PJ et al. Effects of 7 wk of endurance training on human skeletal muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise. 2004 J. Appl. Physiol. pmid:15220302
Howlett RA et al. Skeletal muscle metabolism during high-intensity sprint exercise is unaffected by dichloroacetate or acetate infusion. 1999 J. Appl. Physiol. pmid:10562618
Vollaard NB et al. Systematic analysis of adaptations in aerobic capacity and submaximal energy metabolism provides a unique insight into determinants of human aerobic performance. 2009 J. Appl. Physiol. pmid:19196912
Cavallini G et al. Cinnoxicam and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine treatment for idiopathic and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermia. 2004 Sep-Oct J. Androl. pmid:15292108
Hellstrom WJ Medical management of Peyronie's disease. 2009 Jul-Aug J. Androl. pmid:18974422
De Maria P et al. Effect of the addition of electrolytes on the partition coefficients, activity coefficients, and acid dissociation constants of carnitine and its acetyl and propionyl derivatives. 1994 J Pharm Sci pmid:8071833
Tomita K et al. Enzymatic determination of acetylcarnitine for diagnostic applications. 2001 J Pharm Biomed Anal pmid:11248512
Bielefeld EC et al. Multiple dosing strategies with acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) fail to alter age-related hearing loss in the Fischer 344/NHsd rat. 2008 J Negat Results Biomed pmid:18620587
Kuritzky L Managing diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in primary care. 2010 J Fam Pract pmid:20544053
Li S et al. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and methylcobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. 2016 J Diabetes Investig pmid:27180954
Brennan BP et al. A placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid in the treatment of bipolar depression. 2013 J Clin Psychopharmacol pmid:23948785
McMackin CJ et al. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. 2007 J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) pmid:17396066
Rosendorff C More light please. 2007 J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) pmid:17396072
Cheng KH et al. Newborn screening for methylmalonic aciduria by tandem mass spectrometry: 7 years' experience from two centers in Taiwan. 2010 J Chin Med Assoc pmid:20603089
Cacicedo JM et al. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase prevents lipotoxicity in retinal pericytes. 2011 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. pmid:21345991
Farahpour MR and Ghayour SJ Effect of in situ delivery of acetyl-L-carnitine on peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery in transected sciatic nerve in rat. 2014 Int J Surg pmid:25448663
Hozyasz KK et al. Malonylcarnitine in newborns with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. 2010 Int J Oral Sci pmid:21125791
Yu M et al. The Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula mKG on Allergic Asthma by Regulating Lung and Plasma Metabolic Alternations. 2017 Int J Mol Sci pmid:28287417
Zhang R et al. Neuroprotective effects of pre-treatment with l-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on ischemic injury in vivo and in vitro. 2012 Int J Mol Sci pmid:22408439
Ghirardi O et al. Chemotherapy-induced allodinia: neuroprotective effect of acetyl-L-carnitine. 2005 May-Jun In Vivo pmid:15875786
Ruggenenti P et al. Oral acetyl-L-carnitine therapy and insulin resistance. 2010 Hypertension pmid:20439816
Ruggenenti P et al. Ameliorating hypertension and insulin resistance in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk: effects of acetyl-L-carnitine therapy. 2009 Hypertension pmid:19620516

Table of Content