Acetyl-d-carnitine

Acetyl-d-carnitine is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class.

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There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

Current reference collection contains 2875 references associated with Acetyl-d-carnitine in LipidPedia. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated biomedical terms are recognized in our current text-mining method, we cannot extract any biomedical terms related to diseases, pathways, locations, functions, genes, lipids, and animal models from the associated reference collection.

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Here are additional resources we collected from PubChem and MeSH for Acetyl-d-carnitine

Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with Acetyl-d-carnitine

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Alzheimer Disease D000544 76 associated lipids
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors D000592 16 associated lipids
Body Weight D001835 333 associated lipids
Cleft Lip D002971 8 associated lipids
Coronary Artery Disease D003324 47 associated lipids
Parkinson Disease D010300 53 associated lipids
Proteostasis Deficiencies D057165 5 associated lipids
Total 7

All references with Acetyl-d-carnitine

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Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Wu SN et al. [Analysis of propionylcarnitine in blood and methylmalonic acid in urine of 162 patients with methylmalonic acidemia]. 2013 Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi pmid:23663331
Capecchi PL et al. Carnitines increase plasma levels of adenosine and ATP in humans. 1997 Vasc Med pmid:9546959
Mingorance C et al. Critical update for the clinical use of L-carnitine analogs in cardiometabolic disorders. 2011 Vasc Health Risk Manag pmid:21490942
Cavallini G et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine plus propionyl-L-carnitine improve efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. 2005 Urology pmid:16286128
Kotil K et al. Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnithine in experimental chronic compression neuropathy. A prospective, randomized and placebo-control trials. 2007 Turk Neurosurg pmid:17935020
Curran MW et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) to enhance nerve regeneration in carpal tunnel syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 2016 Trials pmid:27079660
Li S and Laher I Exercise Pills: At the Starting Line. 2015 Trends Pharmacol. Sci. pmid:26439443
Laird MD et al. Augmentation of normal and glutamate-impaired neuronal respiratory capacity by exogenous alternative biofuels. 2013 Transl Stroke Res pmid:24323418
Ponte F et al. Protective effect of acetyl-l-carnitine and α-lipoic acid against the acute toxicity of diepoxybutane to human lymphocytes. 2011 Toxicology pmid:21807063
Hori T et al. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency: the time-course of blood and urinary acylcarnitine levels during initial L-carnitine supplementation. 2010 Tohoku J. Exp. Med. pmid:20543534
Itoh T et al. Effect of carnitine administration on glycine metabolism in patients with isovaleric acidemia: significance of acetylcarnitine determination to estimate the proper carnitine dose. 1996 Tohoku J. Exp. Med. pmid:8875766
Morand R et al. Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. 2012 Ther Drug Monit pmid:22743351
Rosenthal RE et al. Prevention of postischemic canine neurological injury through potentiation of brain energy metabolism by acetyl-L-carnitine. 1992 Stroke pmid:1519288
Huber K et al. Metabotypes with properly functioning mitochondria and anti-inflammation predict extended productive life span in dairy cows. 2016 Sci Rep pmid:27089826
Calvani M et al. [L-acetylcarnitine treatment on fragile X patients hyperactive behaviour]. 2001 Rev Neurol pmid:12447823
Kobayashi D et al. Transport of carnitine and acetylcarnitine by carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN) 2 and OCTN3 into epididymal spermatozoa. 2007 Reproduction pmid:17965255
Kobayashi D et al. Carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2-mediated transport of carnitine in primary-cultured epididymal epithelial cells. 2005 Reproduction pmid:16322553
Lal A et al. Lipoic acid and acetyl-carnitine reverse iron-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts. 2008 Redox Rep. pmid:18284845
Vermeulen RC and Scholte HR Exploratory open label, randomized study of acetyl- and propionylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome. 2004 Mar-Apr Psychosom Med pmid:15039515
Abdul Muneer PM et al. Inhibitory effects of alcohol on glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier leads to neurodegeneration: preventive role of acetyl-L: -carnitine. 2011 Psychopharmacology (Berl.) pmid:21079922
Hagen TM et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine fed to old rats partially restores mitochondrial function and ambulatory activity. 1998 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:9689120
Russo SJ and Charney DS Next generation antidepressants. 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:23471996
Nasca C et al. L-acetylcarnitine causes rapid antidepressant effects through the epigenetic induction of mGlu2 receptors. 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:23382250
Wu R et al. Metabolomic analysis reveals that carnitines are key regulatory metabolites in phase transition of the locusts. 2012 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:22328148
Hagen TM et al. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:11854487
Liu J et al. Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:11854488
Liu J et al. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:11854529
Masterson C and Wood C Pea chloroplast carnitine acetyltransferase. 2000 Proc. Biol. Sci. pmid:10670945
Fiehn O et al. Plasma metabolomic profiles reflective of glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic obese African-American women. 2010 PLoS ONE pmid:21170321
Diekman EF et al. Altered Energetics of Exercise Explain Risk of Rhabdomyolysis in Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. 2016 PLoS ONE pmid:26881790
Lindsay KL et al. Longitudinal Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids and Lipids across Healthy Pregnancy. 2015 PLoS ONE pmid:26716698
Macconi D et al. Sirtuin3 Dysfunction Is the Key Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Angiotensin II. 2015 PLoS ONE pmid:25993470
Li S et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 2015 PLoS ONE pmid:25751285
Wang CH et al. Acetyl-l-carnitine and oxfenicine on cardiac pumping mechanics in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. 2013 PLoS ONE pmid:23922880
Lodi A et al. Proton NMR-based metabolite analyses of archived serial paired serum and urine samples from myeloma patients at different stages of disease activity identifies acetylcarnitine as a novel marker of active disease. 2013 PLoS ONE pmid:23431376
Zuena AR et al. Transplacental exposure to AZT induces adverse neurochemical and behavioral effects in a mouse model: protection by L-acetylcarnitine. 2013 PLoS ONE pmid:23409035
Federighi G et al. Differentially expressed genes in Hirudo medicinalis ganglia after acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. 2013 PLoS ONE pmid:23308261
Schaevitz LR et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves behavior and dendritic morphology in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. 2012 PLoS ONE pmid:23227269
Karalija A et al. Neuroprotective effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine after spinal cord injury in adult rats. 2012 PLoS ONE pmid:22815926
Abdul Muneer PM et al. Methamphetamine inhibits the glucose uptake by human neurons and astrocytes: stabilization by acetyl-L-carnitine. 2011 PLoS ONE pmid:21556365
Pracharoenwattana I et al. Arabidopsis peroxisomal citrate synthase is required for fatty acid respiration and seed germination. 2005 Plant Cell pmid:15923350
Babicová A et al. In vivo study of radioprotective effect of NO-synthase inhibitors and acetyl-L-carnitine. 2013 Physiol Res pmid:23869893
Virmani MA et al. Protective actions of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity evoked by mitochondrial uncoupling or inhibitors. 1995 Pharmacol. Res. pmid:8736490
Valoti M et al. Effects of carnitine and its derivatives on gastric acid secretion in rats. 1996 Nov-Dec Pharmacol. Res. pmid:9076846
Arafa HM and Sayed-Ahmed MM Protective role of carnitine esters against alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats. 2003 Pharmacol. Res. pmid:12860448
Mansour HH Protective role of carnitine ester against radiation-induced oxidative stress in rats. 2006 Pharmacol. Res. pmid:16757176
Marciani P et al. L-carnitine and carnitine ester transport in the rat small intestine. 1991 Pharmacol. Res. pmid:2062791
Zaitone SA et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid affect rotenone-induced damage in nigral dopaminergic neurons of rat brain, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy. 2012 Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. pmid:21958946
Okamura N et al. Involvement of recognition and interaction of carnitine transporter in the decrease of L-carnitine concentration induced by pivalic acid and valproic acid. 2006 Pharm. Res. pmid:16826461
Tyni T et al. Analysis of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediates by tandem mass spectrometry from intact mitochondria prepared from homogenates of cultured fibroblasts, skeletal muscle cells, and fresh muscle. 2002 Pediatr. Res. pmid:12084849
Van Hove JL et al. Intravenous L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and isovaleric acidemia. 1994 Pediatr. Res. pmid:8134205
Hack A et al. Monitoring of ketogenic diet for carnitine metabolites by subcutaneous microdialysis. 2006 Pediatr. Res. pmid:16690958
Li X et al. An acetyl-L-carnitine switch on mitochondrial dysfunction and rescue in the metabolomics study on aluminum oxide nanoparticles. 2016 Part Fibre Toxicol pmid:26772537
Kopsky DJ and Hesselink JM Nerve regeneration in neuropathic pain. 2010 Pain Med pmid:21199307
Xiao WH and Bennett GJ Chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain: Abnormal spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons and its suppression by acetyl-L-carnitine. 2008 Pain pmid:17659836
Fehér J et al. [Metabolic therapy for early treatment of age-related macular degeneration]. 2007 Orv Hetil pmid:18039616
Feher J et al. Mitotropic compounds for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The metabolic approach and a pilot study. 2003 Sep-Oct Ophthalmologica pmid:12913326
Feher J et al. Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. 2005 May-Jun Ophthalmologica pmid:15947501
De Luca A et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis is required for the anchorage-independent survival and propagation of stem-like cancer cells. 2015 Oncotarget pmid:26087310
Burotto M and Fojo AT Acetyl-L-carnitine and prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: can anything work? 2013 Oncologist pmid:24217999
Campone M et al. A double-blind, randomized phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine in the prevention of sagopilone-induced peripheral neuropathy. 2013 Oncologist pmid:24105751
Suchy J et al. Dietary supplementation with a combination of alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, glycerophosphocoline, docosahexaenoic acid, and phosphatidylserine reduces oxidative damage to murine brain and improves cognitive performance. 2009 Nutr Res pmid:19185780
Kathirvel E et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid improve mitochondrial abnormalities and serum levels of liver enzymes in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2013 Nutr Res pmid:24176233
Katoh T et al. [Application of Metabolomics to Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Research]. 2016 Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi pmid:26832623
Robinson BL et al. Distinct effects of ketamine and acetyl L-carnitine on the dopamine system in zebrafish. 2016 Mar-Apr Neurotoxicol Teratol pmid:26898327
Cuevas E et al. Acetyl L-carnitine protects motor neurons and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. 2013 Sep-Oct Neurotoxicol Teratol pmid:23896048
Nagesh Babu G et al. Chronic pretreatment with acetyl-L-carnitine and ±DL-α-lipoic acid protects against acute glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain by altering mitochondrial function. 2011 Neurotox Res pmid:20217290
Patel SP et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment following spinal cord injury improves mitochondrial function correlated with remarkable tissue sparing and functional recovery. 2012 Neuroscience pmid:22445934
Binienda ZK et al. Assessment of 3-nitropropionic acid-evoked peripheral neuropathy in rats: neuroprotective effects of acetyl-l-carnitine and resveratrol. 2010 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:20542088
Sarkar S et al. Histopathological and electrophysiological indices of rotenone-evoked dopaminergic toxicity: Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine. 2015 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:26321151
Robinson BL et al. Opposing effects of ketamine and acetyl L-carnitine on the serotonergic system of zebrafish. 2015 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:26365406
Flatters SJ et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine prevents and reduces paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. 2006 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:16406309
Masi F et al. Effects of long-term acetyl-L-carnitine administration in rats--II: Protection against the disrupting effect of stress on the acquisition of appetitive behavior. 2003 Neuropsychopharmacology pmid:12655313
Tolu P et al. Effects of long-term acetyl-L-carnitine administration in rats: I. increased dopamine output in mesocorticolimbic areas and protection toward acute stress exposure. 2002 Neuropsychopharmacology pmid:12225698
Cuccurazzu B et al. Upregulation of mGlu2 receptors via NF-κB p65 acetylation is involved in the Proneurogenic and antidepressant effects of acetyl-L-carnitine. 2013 Neuropsychopharmacology pmid:23670591
Gago MF et al. SANDO: two novel mutations in POLG1 gene. 2006 Neuromuscul. Disord. pmid:16919951
Kottlors M et al. Valproic acid triggers acute rhabdomyolysis in a patient with carnitine palmitoyltransferase type II deficiency. 2001 Neuromuscul. Disord. pmid:11595519
Bidzinska B et al. Effect of different chronic intermittent stressors and acetyl-l-carnitine on hypothalamic beta-endorphin and GnRH and on plasma testosterone levels in male rats. 1993 Neuroendocrinology pmid:8232773
Long J et al. Mitochondrial decay in the brains of old rats: ameliorating effect of alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine. 2009 Neurochem. Res. pmid:18846423
Smeland OB et al. Dietary supplementation with acetyl-l-carnitine in seizure treatment of pentylenetetrazole kindled mice. 2012 Neurochem. Int. pmid:22709675
Phillipson OT Management of the aging risk factor for Parkinson's disease. 2014 Neurobiol. Aging pmid:24246717
Uziel G et al. Carnitine stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in isolated human skeletal muscle mitochondria. 1988 Muscle Nerve pmid:3405240
Elanchezhian R et al. Evaluation of lenticular antioxidant and redox system components in the lenses of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in BSO-induced glutathione deprivation. 2009 Mol. Vis. pmid:19649174
Muralidharan AR et al. Deciphering the potential efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in maintaining connexin-mediated lenticular homeostasis. 2012 Mol. Vis. pmid:22876134
Lau T et al. Stress-induced structural plasticity of medial amygdala stellate neurons and rapid prevention by a candidate antidepressant. 2017 Mol. Psychiatry pmid:27240534
Chiechio S et al. L-Acetylcarnitine induces analgesia by selectively up-regulating mGlu2 metabotropic glutamate receptors. 2002 Mol. Pharmacol. pmid:11961116
Behrend AM et al. Substrate oxidation and cardiac performance during exercise in disorders of long chain fatty acid oxidation. 2012 Mol. Genet. Metab. pmid:22030098
Löster H et al. Effects of L-carnitine and its acetyl and propionyl esters on ATP and PCr levels of isolated rat hearts perfused without fatty acids and investigated by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy. 1999 Mol. Cell. Biochem. pmid:10569188
Cui J et al. Effects of L-carnitine and its derivatives on postischemic cardiac function, ventricular fibrillation and necrotic and apoptotic cardiomyocyte death in isolated rat hearts. 2003 Mol. Cell. Biochem. pmid:14674702
Hu C et al. Inhibition of OCTN2-mediated transport of carnitine by etoposide. 2012 Mol. Cancer Ther. pmid:22389472
Chiechio S et al. Transcriptional regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 expression by the NF-kappaB pathway in primary dorsal root ganglia neurons: a possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of L-acetylcarnitine. 2006 Mol Pain pmid:16764720
Notartomaso S et al. Analgesia induced by the epigenetic drug, L-acetylcarnitine, outlasts the end of treatment in mouse models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. 2017 Mol Pain pmid:28326943
Pekkinen J et al. Betaine supplementation causes increase in carnitine metabolites in the muscle and liver of mice fed a high-fat diet as studied by nontargeted LC-MS metabolomics approach. 2013 Mol Nutr Food Res pmid:23868375
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Parr TB A new technique to elevate night time growth hormone release and a potential growth hormone feedback control loop. 2001 Med. Hypotheses pmid:11388776
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