gamma-Linolenic acid
Gamma-linolenic acid is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. The involved functions are known as Drug Interactions. Gamma-linolenic acid often locates in Articular system.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of gamma-Linolenic acid, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with gamma-Linolenic acid
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
What genes are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
What common seen animal models are associated with gamma-Linolenic acid?
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with gamma-Linolenic acid
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaver HA et al. | Highly unsaturated fatty acid induced tumour regression in glioma pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of gamma linolenic acid in an implantation glioma model: effects on tumour biomass, apoptosis and neuronal tissue histology. | 2002 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12445487 |
| Kavanagh T et al. | Eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid increase hippocampal concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15041032 |
| Vaddadi KS | Use of gamma-linolenic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1321448 |
| Horrobin DF | The relationship between schizophrenia and essential fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1321449 |
| Joubert AM et al. | Comparative study of the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites on cell growth and tyrosine kinase activity in oesophageal carcinoma cells. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10582657 |
| Efstathopoulos N et al. | N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids confer hemodynamic stability in an experimental model of multiple trauma. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15850717 |
| Vang K and Ziboh VA | 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid suppress growth and arachidonic acid metabolism in human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: possible implications of dietary fatty acids. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15850718 |
| Murray MJ and Zhang T | The incorporation of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into porcine platelet phospholipids and their effects on platelet thromboxane A2 release. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9089803 |
| Howie A et al. | The influence of dietary essential fatty acids on uterine C20 and C22 fatty acid composition. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1502249 |
| Jiang WG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) mediates the action of gamma linolenic acid in breast cancer cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10780877 |
| Navarette R et al. | Dietary intake of concentrated gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)-enriched oil suppresses cutaneous level of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA): possible in vivo inhibition of microsomal elongation of GLA to DGLA. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1323857 |
| Jiang WG et al. | Gamma linolenic acid regulates gap junction communication in endothelial cells and their interaction with tumour cells. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9150377 |
| Fokkema MR et al. | Short-term supplementation of low-dose gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or GLA plus ALA does not augment LCP omega 3 status of Dutch vegans to an appreciable extent. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11090255 |
| Dines KC et al. | Effectiveness of natural oils as sources of gamma-linolenic acid to correct peripheral nerve conduction velocity abnormalities in diabetic rats: modulation by thromboxane A2 inhibition. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8931113 |
| Matsuo N et al. | Effects of gamma-linolenic acid and its positional isomer pinolenic acid on immune parameters of brown-Norway rats. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8951990 |
| Fang C et al. | Expression of constitutive cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes; effects of treatment with evening primrose oil or an aldose reductase inhibitor on COX-1 mRNA levels. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9051726 |
| Pham H et al. | Dietary gamma-linolenate attenuates tumor growth in a rodent model of prostatic adenocarcinoma via suppression of elevated generation of PGE(2) and 5S-HETE. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16567086 |
| Das UN and Rao KP | Effect of gamma-linolenic acid and prostaglandins E1 on gamma-radiation and chemical-induced genetic damage to the bone marrow cells of mice. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16488586 |
| Cleland LG et al. | The effect of dietary fish oil supplement upon the content of dihomo-gammalinolenic acid in human plasma phospholipids. | 1990 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2169063 |
| van der Merwe CF et al. | The effect of gamma-linolenic acid, an in vitro cytostatic substance contained in evening primrose oil, on primary liver cancer. A double-blind placebo controlled trial. | 1990 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2169638 |
| Miles EA et al. | Self-reported health problems in young male subjects supplementing their diet with oils rich in eicosapentaenoic, gamma-linolenic and stearidonic acids. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16820286 |
| Horrobin DF et al. | The effects of evening primrose oil, safflower oil and paraffin on plasma fatty acid levels in humans: choice of an appropriate placebo for clinical studies on primrose oil. | 1991 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1871175 |
| Motaung E et al. | Cytotoxicity of combined essential fatty acids on a human prostate cancer cell line. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10670696 |
| Arisaka M et al. | Fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus. II. The effect of evening primrose oil supplementation on serum fatty acid and plasma prostaglandin levels. | 1991 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1871184 |
| Hrelia S et al. | Kinetic analysis of delta-6-desaturation in liver microsomes: influence of gamma-linoleic acid dietary supplementation to young and old rats. | 1991 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1808628 |
| Guivernau M et al. | Clinical and experimental study on the long-term effect of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation, and prostacyclin production. | 1994 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:7846101 |
| Engler MM and Engler MB | Dietary borage oil alters plasma, hepatic and vascular tissue fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9758202 |
| van Rooyen J et al. | Diet can manipulate the metabolism of EPA and GLA in erythrocyte membrane and plasma. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9758205 |
| Gardiner NS and Duncan JR | Possible involvement of delta-6-desaturase in control of melanoma growth by gamma-linolenic acid. | 1991 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1650000 |
| Laivuori H et al. | Dietary supplementation with primrose oil or fish oil does not change urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in pre-eclamptic women. | 1993 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8248275 |
| de Kock M et al. | Differential cytotoxic effects of gamma-linolenic acid on MG-63 and HeLa cells. | 1994 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:7972263 |
| Stevens EJ et al. | Prostacyclin release in experimental diabetes: effects of evening primrose oil. | 1993 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8248277 |
| du Toit PJ et al. | The effect of gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on urokinase activity. | 1994 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:7972265 |
| Eynard AR et al. | Eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n-9) inhibits the expression of E-cadherin and desmoglein in human squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10102382 |
| Glen AI et al. | Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and clinical parameters. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8888117 |
| Brouwer DA et al. | Gamma-linolenic acid does not augment long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-3 status. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9888208 |
| Dirks J et al. | Cytokine levels affected by gamma-linolenic acid. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9849654 |
| Seegers JC et al. | Comparative anti-mitotic effects of lithium gamma-linolenate, gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, on transformed and embryonic cells. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9849656 |
| Morphake P et al. | Alteration of cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in Wistar rats. | 1994 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8146206 |
| Cai J et al. | Inhibition of angiogenic factor- and tumour-induced angiogenesis by gamma linolenic acid. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10319914 |
| Singer P et al. | Blood pressure and serum lipids from SHR after diets supplemented with evening primrose, sunflowerseed or fish oil. | 1990 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2399267 |
| Woltil HA et al. | Does supplementation of formula with evening primrose and fish oils augment long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status of low birthweight infants to that of breast-fed counterparts? | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10359022 |
| Engler MM | Comparative study of diets enriched with evening primrose, black currant, borage or fungal oils on blood pressure and pressor responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | 1993 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8259378 |
| Das UN | Occlusion of infusion vessels on gamma-linolenic acid infusion. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:14643176 |
| Horrobin DF | The effects of gamma-linolenic acid on breast pain and diabetic neuropathy: possible non-eicosanoid mechanisms. | 1993 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8380930 |
| Bell JG et al. | Growth, mortality, tissue histopathology and fatty acid compositions, eicosanoid production and response to stress, in juvenile turbot fed diets rich in gamma-linolenic acid in combination with eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9690713 |
| Botha JH et al. | The role of prostaglandins in the inhibition of cultured carcinoma cell growth produced by gamma-linolenic acid. | 1989 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2541450 |
| Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ et al. | In vitro activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: relationship to lipid peroxidation. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9654401 |
| Kahler CP and Du Plooy WJ | Effect of gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, ascorbyl-6-gammalinolenic acid, and ascorbyl-6-dihomo gammalinolenic acid on histamine- and methacholine-induced contraction of the isolated guinea pig tracheal chain. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9654407 |
| Moodley J and Norman RJ | Attempts at dietary alteration of prostaglandin pathways in the management of pre-eclampsia. | 1989 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2608693 |
| Das UN | From bench to the clinic: gamma-linolenic acid therapy of human gliomas. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15120717 |
| Karmali RA et al. | Plant and marine n-3 fatty acids inhibit experimental metastasis of rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. | 1993 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8388566 |
| Peterson LD et al. | Dose-dependent effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on rat spleen lymphocyte functions. | 1999 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10477037 |
| Ebden P et al. | A study of evening primrose seed oil in atopic asthma. | 1989 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2717651 |
| Huang YS et al. | The prostaglandin outflow from perfused mesenteric vasculature of rats fed different fats. | 1989 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2717652 |
| Ramesh G and Das UN | Effect of evening primrose and fish oils on two stage skin carcinogenesis in mice. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9844986 |
| Kuruvilla R et al. | Evening primrose oil treatment corrects reduced conduction velocity but not depletion of arachidonic acid in nerve from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9844993 |
| Sangeetha P et al. | Free radical generation in human leukocytes by CIS-unsaturated fatty acids is a calmodulin dependent process. | 1990 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2160083 |
| Koba K et al. | Distribution of plasma phosphatidylcholine molecular species in rabbits fed fish oil is modulated by dietary n-6 fatty acids. | 1995 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8821127 |
| Bunce OR and Abou-El-Ela SH | Eicosanoid synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mammary tumors of rats fed varying levels and types of N-3 and/or N-6 fatty acids. | 1990 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:2177199 |
| Kaku S et al. | Dietary gamma-linolenic acid dose-dependently modifies fatty acid composition and immune parameters in rats. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11728173 |
| Nwankwo JO and Robbins ME | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma expression in human malignant and normal brain, breast and prostate-derived cells. | 2001 Apr-May | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11418018 |
| Charnock JS | Gamma-linolenic acid provides additional protection against ventricular fibrillation in aged rats fed linoleic acid rich diets. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10780878 |
| Mohan IK and Das UN | Effect of L-arginine-nitric oxide system on the metabolism of essential fatty acids in chemical-induced diabetes mellitus. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:10765977 |
| Puri BK | The safety of evening primrose oil in epilepsy. | 2007 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:17764919 |
| Duttaroy AK et al. | Acyl-CoA thioesterase activity in human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo), cells: effects of fatty acids. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12538089 |
| Rosenstein ED et al. | Pilot study of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of adult periodontitis. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12591005 |
| Bégin ME et al. | Selective killing of human cancer cells by polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 1985 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:2864701 |
| Segarnick DJ et al. | Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits the development of the ethanol-induced fatty liver. | 1985 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:2986177 |
| Botha JH et al. | The response of human carcinoma cell lines to gamma-linolenic acid with special reference to the effects of agents which influence prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. | 1985 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:2994114 |
| Fujiwara F et al. | Fatty acid modification of cultured neuroblastoma cells by gamma linolenic acid relevant to its antitumor effect. | 1987 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:2829239 |
| Varma PK and Persaud TV | Protection against ethanol-induced embryonic damage by administering gamma-linolenic and linoleic acids. | 1982 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:6287501 |
| Nassar BA et al. | The influence of dietary marine oil (Polepa) and evening primrose oil (Efamol) on prostaglandin production by the rat mesenteric vasculature. | 1987 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:3033691 |
| Hoffman P and Förster W | Effects of sunflowerseed oil, linseed oil, evening primrose oil and hydrogenated palm kernel oil on hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | 1983 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:6348801 |
| Papanikolaou N | Alteration of mercuric chloride-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in brown-Norway rats by herring oil, evening primrose oil and OKY-046 a selective TXA-synthetase inhibitor. | 1987 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:3475724 |
| Robinson KM and Botha JH | Effects of gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and ethanol on cultured human mammary carcinoma cells. | 1985 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:2999828 |
| Singer P et al. | Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol from SHR after evening primrose oil and other polyunsaturated fats. | 1986 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:3523538 |
| Fujiwara F et al. | Antitumor effect of gamma-linolenic acid on cultured human neuroblastoma cells. | 1986 | Prostaglandins Leukot Med | pmid:3020590 |
| Das UN et al. | Prostaglandins and their precursors can modify genetic damage-induced by gamma-radiation and benzo(a)pyrene. | 1985 | Prostaglandins | pmid:2994175 |
| Bonacossa A et al. | Effect of corticosterone, hydrocortisone and prostaglandin fatty acid precursors on the spontaneous motility of the uterus isolated from ovariectomized rats. | 1982 | Prostaglandins | pmid:6278538 |
| Chaud M et al. | Gamma-linolenic acid improves the constancy of contractions in uteri from sprayed rats and is metabolized to prostaglandin E1 but not to bisenoic prostanoids. | 1988 | Prostaglandins | pmid:2836889 |
| Costall B et al. | Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, prostaglandins and dyskinesias. | 1986 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:2827191 |
| Karmali RA et al. | Prostaglandins and essential fatty acids in regulation of autoimmunity and development of antibodies to DNA in NZB x NZW F1 mice. | 1981 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:7342118 |
| Kunkel SL et al. | Suppression of chronic inflammation by evening primrose oil. | 1981 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:7342138 |
| Gunstone FD | Gamma linolenic acid--occurrence and physical and chemical properties. | 1992 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:1334265 |
| Horrobin DF | Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linolenic acid. | 1992 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:1334266 |
| Papanikolaou N et al. | Partial protection against acute renal failure by Efamol. | 1989 | Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. | pmid:2798451 |
| Papanikolaou N et al. | Effect of thromboxane A2-synthetase inhibitor OKY-046 and evening primrose oil (Efamol) on mercuric chloride induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown-Norway rats. | 1987 | Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. | pmid:3671393 |
| Huang YS et al. | Stress modulates cholesterol-induced changes in plasma and liver fatty acid composition in rats fed n-6 fatty acid-rich oils. | 1990 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:2399256 |
| Engler MM et al. | Effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on blood pressure and adrenal angiotensin receptors in hypertensive rats. | 1998 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:9648942 |
| Nassar BA et al. | The effect of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis on liver phospholipid composition in rats fed N-6 and N-3 fatty acid-supplemented diets. | 1992 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:1539039 |
| Huang YS et al. | Effect of dietary alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid on tissue fatty acids in guinea pigs. | 1985 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:2857052 |
| Huang YS and Horrobin DF | Sex differences in n-3 and n-6 fatty acid metabolism in EFA-depleted rats. | 1987 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:3037555 |
| Mills DE and Ward R | Attenuation of psychosocial stress-induced hypertension by gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) administration in rats. | 1984 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:6324224 |
| Parker-Barnes JM et al. | Identification and characterization of an enzyme involved in the elongation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2000 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10899997 |
| Kis M et al. | Light-induced expression of fatty acid desaturase genes. | 1998 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:9539715 |
| Calder PC | Rationale and use of n-3 fatty acids in artificial nutrition. | 2010 | Proc Nutr Soc | pmid:20441676 |
| Funtikova NS et al. | [Synthesis of biologically active lipids by fungus Mucor lusitanicus 306D grown on media with various composition]. | 2002 Nov-Dec | Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. | pmid:12449793 |
| Funtikova NS and Mysiakina IS | [Effects of conditions for obtaining sporangiospores of the inoculum on the morphology and productivity of the fungus Mucor circinelloides var. lusitanicus 12 M, a producer of gamma-linolenic acid]. | 2008 Jul-Aug | Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. | pmid:18924414 |
| Watkins BA | Levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenate are depressed in heart phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the biotin-deficient chick. | 1989 | Poult. Sci. | pmid:2547210 |