2-arachidonoylglycerol is a lipid of Glycerolipids (GL) class. 2-arachidonoylglycerol is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Inflammatory disorder, Colitis and Peripheral Neuropathy. The involved functions are known as Immunoreactivity, inhibitors, Stimulus, Esthesia and Signal Transduction. 2-arachidonoylglycerol often locates in Back, Presynaptic Terminals, Brain region, Blood and Body tissue. The associated genes with 2-arachidonoylglycerol are ADRBK1 gene, Homologous Gene, MGLL gene, PLA2G4A gene and peptide V. The related lipids are oleoylethanolamide, Lipopolysaccharides, Promega, stearic acid and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol. The related experimental models are Knock-out.
To understand associated biological information of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
2-arachidonoylglycerol is suspected in Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Sweet's Syndrome, Colitis, Dehydration, Diabetes and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice.' (Walentiny DM et al., 2015), Knock-out are used in the study 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12).' (Navia-Paldanius D et al., 2012) and Knock-out are used in the study 'Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action.' (Viader A et al., 2015).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Midtbø LK et al. | Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon fed soybean oil increases hepatic levels of arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins and ceramides in mice. | 2015 | J. Nutr. Biochem. | pmid:25776459 |
Niki M et al. | Modulation of sweet taste sensitivities by endogenous leptin and endocannabinoids in mice. | 2015 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:25728242 |
Bashashati M et al. | Inhibiting endocannabinoid biosynthesis: a novel approach to the treatment of constipation. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25684407 |
Schaich CL et al. | Alterations in the Medullary Endocannabinoid System Contribute to Age-related Impairment of Baroreflex Sensitivity. | 2015 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:25636077 |
Belluomo I et al. | Opposite control of frontocortical 2-arachidonoylglycerol turnover rate by cannabinoid type-1 receptors located on glutamatergic neurons and on astrocytes. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:25626460 |
Brosnihan KB et al. | Local uterine Ang-(1-7) infusion augments the expression of cannabinoid receptors and differentially alters endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes in the decidualized uterus of pseudopregnant rats. | 2015 | Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. | pmid:25596750 |
Griebel G et al. | Selective blockade of the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol impairs learning and memory performance while producing antinociceptive activity in rodents. | 2015 | Sci Rep | pmid:25560837 |
Zhang J et al. | Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase prevents chronic traumatic encephalopathy-like neuropathology in a mouse model of repetitive mild closed head injury. | 2015 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:25492114 |
Zhang Z et al. | Blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis produces antidepressant-like effects and enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. | 2015 | Hippocampus | pmid:25131612 |
Shimizu T et al. | Possible inhibitory role of endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol as an endocannabinoid in (±)-epibatidine-induced activation of central adrenomedullary outflow in the rat. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25882827 |
Smith M et al. | The Effects of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol on Human Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26414859 |
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Altamura C et al. | Elevation of Plasma 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Levels in Alzheimer's Disease Patients as a Potential Protective Mechanism against Neurodegenerative Decline. | 2015 | J. Alzheimers Dis. | pmid:25818503 |
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Mann A et al. | Palmitoyl Serine: An Endogenous Neuroprotective Endocannabinoid-Like Entity After Traumatic Brain Injury. | 2015 | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol | pmid:25721934 |
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Li B et al. | Endogenous 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Alleviates Cyclooxygenases-2 Elevation-Mediated Neuronal Injury From SO2 Inhalation via PPARγ Pathway. | 2015 | Toxicol. Sci. | pmid:26209559 |
Costa MA et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol impairs human cytotrophoblast cells syncytialization: influence of endocannabinoid signalling in placental development. | 2015 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:25199616 |
Subbanna S et al. | Postnatal ethanol exposure alters levels of 2-arachidonylglycerol-metabolizing enzymes and pharmacological inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase does not cause neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:25857698 |
Nicholson J et al. | Leptin levels are negatively correlated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25835291 |
Patsenker E et al. | Elevated levels of endocannabinoids in chronic hepatitis C may modulate cellular immune response and hepatic stellate cell activation. | 2015 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:25826533 |
Ivanov I et al. | A simple method for simultaneous determination of N-arachidonoylethanolamine, N-oleoylethanolamine, N-palmitoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in human cells. | 2015 | Anal Bioanal Chem | pmid:25519724 |
Walentiny DM et al. | Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25698527 |
Monteleone AM et al. | Deranged endocannabinoid responses to hedonic eating in underweight and recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. | 2015 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:25646322 |
Gaskari SA et al. | Blunted cardiac response to hemorrhage in cirrhotic rats is mediated by local macrophage-released endocannabinoids. | 2015 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:25640062 |
Scotchie JG et al. | Endocannabinoid regulation in human endometrium across the menstrual cycle. | 2015 | Reprod Sci | pmid:24819878 |
Pasquarelli N et al. | Comparative biochemical characterization of the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor KML29 in brain, spinal cord, liver, spleen, fat and muscle tissue. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25497453 |
Llorente-Berzal A et al. | 2-AG promotes the expression of conditioned fear via cannabinoid receptor type 1 on GABAergic neurons. | 2015 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:25814137 |
Pisanti S et al. | Anandamide drives cell cycle progression through CB1 receptors in a rat model of synchronized liver regeneration. | 2015 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:25684344 |
Aliczki M et al. | Involvement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling in social challenge responding of male CD1 mice. | 2015 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:25547462 |
Urquhart P et al. | Endocannabinoids and their oxygenation by cyclo-oxygenases, lipoxygenases and other oxygenases. | 2015 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:25543004 |
Liu J et al. | Comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like lipid metabolites in rat striatum. | 2015 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:26215119 |
Ford GK et al. | Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in attentional modulation of nociceptive behaviour in rats. | 2015 | Eur J Pain | pmid:25504741 |
Sticht MA et al. | Intra-visceral insular cortex 2-arachidonoylglycerol, but not N-arachidonoylethanolamide, suppresses acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats. | 2015 | Neuroscience | pmid:25499318 |
Orellana-Serradell O et al. | Proapoptotic effect of endocannabinoids in prostate cancer cells. | 2015 | Oncol. Rep. | pmid:25606819 |
Pacioni G et al. | Truffles contain endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes and anandamide. | 2015 | Phytochemistry | pmid:25433633 |
Wollank Y et al. | Inhibition of FAAH confers increased stem cell migration via PPARα. | 2015 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:26263913 |
Jalin AM et al. | Non-Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, Hinokiresinols Reduce Infiltration of Microglia/Macrophages into Ischemic Brain Lesions in Rat via Modulating 2-Arachidonolyglycerol-Induced Migration and Mitochondrial Activity. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26517721 |
Morena M et al. | Training-Associated Emotional Arousal Shapes Endocannabinoid Modulation of Spatial Memory Retrieval in Rats. | 2015 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:26468197 |
Zheng G et al. | Chronic stress and peripheral pain: Evidence for distinct, region-specific changes in visceral and somatosensory pain regulatory pathways. | 2015 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:26408049 |
Szafran B et al. | Lipopolysaccharide suppresses carboxylesterase 2g activity and 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis: A possible mechanism to regulate inflammation. | 2015 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:26403860 |
Mitchener MM et al. | Competition and allostery govern substrate selectivity of cyclooxygenase-2. | 2015 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:26392530 |
Wang H et al. | Cocaine-Induced Endocannabinoid Mobilization in the Ventral Tegmental Area. | 2015 | Cell Rep | pmid:26365195 |
Ho WS et al. | Role of endothelial TRPV4 channels in vascular actions of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:26294342 |
DiPatrizio NV et al. | Fasting stimulates 2-AG biosynthesis in the small intestine: role of cholinergic pathways. | 2015 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:26290104 |
Mounsey RB et al. | Increasing levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | 2015 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:26244281 |
Guggenhuber S et al. | Impaired 2-AG Signaling in Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurons: Aggravation of Anxiety-Like Behavior and Unaltered Seizure Susceptibility. | 2015 | Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. | pmid:26232789 |
Imperatore R et al. | Genetic deletion of monoacylglycerol lipase leads to impaired cannabinoid receptor CBâ‚R signaling and anxiety-like behavior. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:26223500 |
Anderson GR et al. | β-Neurexins Control Neural Circuits by Regulating Synaptic Endocannabinoid Signaling. | 2015 | Cell | pmid:26213384 |
Viader A et al. | Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action. | 2015 | Cell Rep | pmid:26212325 |
Liu Z et al. | Involvement of GluR2 up-regulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice. | 2015 | Sci Rep | pmid:25830356 |
Thieme U et al. | Quantification of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol plasma levels to examine potential influences of tetrahydrocannabinol application on the endocannabinoid system in humans. | 2014 Jan-Feb | Drug Test Anal | pmid:24424856 |
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Shonesy BC et al. | Genetic disruption of 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis reveals a key role for endocannabinoid signaling in anxiety modulation. | 2014 | Cell Rep | pmid:25466252 |
Gasperi V et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol enhances platelet formation from human megakaryoblasts. | 2014 | Cell Cycle | pmid:25427281 |
Zhang J et al. | Synaptic and cognitive improvements by inhibition of 2-AG metabolism are through upregulation of microRNA-188-3p in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. | 2014 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:25378159 |
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Flores-Otero J et al. | Ligand-specific endocytic dwell times control functional selectivity of the cannabinoid receptor 1. | 2014 | Nat Commun | pmid:25081814 |
Pastor A et al. | Analysis of ECs and related compounds in plasma: artifactual isomerization and ex vivo enzymatic generation of 2-MGs. | 2014 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:24610889 |
Stanley CP and O'Sullivan SE | Cyclooxygenase metabolism mediates vasorelaxation to 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in human mesenteric arteries. | 2014 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:24548820 |
Signorello MG and Leoncini G | Effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol on myosin light chain phosphorylation and platelet activation: The role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT pathway. | 2014 | Biochimie | pmid:25068972 |
Fernández-Suárez D et al. | Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 is neuroprotective and alters glial cell phenotype in the chronic MPTP mouse model. | 2014 | Neurobiol. Aging | pmid:24973119 |
Petrenko AB et al. | Augmented tonic pain-related behavior in knockout mice lacking monoacylglycerol lipase, a major degrading enzyme for the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2014 | Behav. Brain Res. | pmid:24906199 |
Tsurumura T and Tsuge H | Substrate selectivity of bacterial monoacylglycerol lipase based on crystal structure. | 2014 | J. Struct. Funct. Genomics | pmid:24894647 |
Pascual AC et al. | Cannabinoid receptor-dependent metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol during aging. | 2014 | Exp. Gerontol. | pmid:24768821 |
Gasperi V et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol modulates human endothelial cell/leukocyte interactions by controlling selectin expression through CB1 and CB2 receptors. | 2014 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:24721209 |
Lu Y et al. | Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol protects primary cultured neurons against LPS-induced impairments in rat caudate nucleus. | 2014 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:24510751 |
Alhouayek M et al. | Controlling 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy. | 2014 | Drug Discov. Today | pmid:23891880 |
Khasabova IA et al. | JZL184 is anti-hyperalgesic in a murine model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. | 2014 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:25304184 |
McDougle DR et al. | Endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are substrates for human CYP2J2 epoxygenase. | 2014 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:25277139 |
Özdemir B et al. | Endocannabinoids and inflammatory response in periodontal ligament cells. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25226300 |
Lau BK et al. | Endocannabinoid modulation by FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase within the analgesic circuitry of the periaqueductal grey. | 2014 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25041240 |
Laprairie RB et al. | Type 1 cannabinoid receptor ligands display functional selectivity in a cell culture model of striatal medium spiny projection neurons. | 2014 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:25037227 |
Navarria A et al. | The dual blocker of FAAH/TRPV1 N-arachidonoylserotonin reverses the behavioral despair induced by stress in rats and modulates the HPA-axis. | 2014 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:24861565 |
Oleson EB et al. | Cannabinoid receptor activation shifts temporally engendered patterns of dopamine release. | 2014 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:24345819 |
Larose MC et al. | Mechanisms of human eosinophil migration induced by the combination of IL-5 and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24530098 |
Abdulnour J et al. | Circulating endocannabinoids in insulin sensitive vs. insulin resistant obese postmenopausal women. A MONET group study. | 2014 | Obesity (Silver Spring) | pmid:23616305 |
Brantl SA et al. | Activation of platelets by the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and virodhamine is mediated by their conversion to arachidonic acid and thromboxane A2, not by activation of cannabinoid receptors. | 2014 | Platelets | pmid:24102401 |
Brantl SA et al. | Mechanism of platelet activation induced by endocannabinoids in blood and plasma. | 2014 | Platelets | pmid:23789792 |
Iannotti FA et al. | The endocannabinoid 2-AG controls skeletal muscle cell differentiation via CB1 receptor-dependent inhibition of Kv7 channels. | 2014 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:24927567 |
Tiburu EK and Shen L | Distance measurements and conformational analysis of sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol-membrane sample by ²H-³¹P REDOR NMR. | 2014 | J. Membr. Biol. | pmid:24402242 |
Costa MA et al. | 2-arachidonoylglycerol effects in cytotrophoblasts: metabolic enzymes expression and apoptosis in BeWo cells. | 2014 | Reproduction | pmid:24324206 |
Laitinen T et al. | Mutation of Cys242 of human monoacylglycerol lipase disrupts balanced hydrolysis of 1- and 2-monoacylglycerols and selectively impairs inhibitor potency. | 2014 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:24368842 |
Koltyn KF et al. | Mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. | 2014 | J Pain | pmid:25261342 |
Melis M et al. | Enhanced endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus drive onto dopamine neurons in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. | 2014 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:25232109 |
Murataeva N et al. | Parsing the players: 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis and degradation in the CNS. | 2014 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:24102242 |
Alvheim AR et al. | Dietary linoleic acid elevates the endocannabinoids 2-AG and anandamide and promotes weight gain in mice fed a low fat diet. | 2014 | Lipids | pmid:24081493 |
Yang K et al. | Differential regulation of NMDAR and NMDAR-mediated metaplasticity by anandamide and 2-AG in the hippocampus. | 2014 | Hippocampus | pmid:25087967 |
Fezza F et al. | Distinct modulation of the endocannabinoid system upon kainic acid-induced in vivo seizures and in vitro epileptiform bursting. | 2014 | Mol. Cell. Neurosci. | pmid:25064144 |
Jergas B et al. | O-2050 facilitates noradrenaline release and increases the CB1 receptor inverse agonistic effect of rimonabant in the guinea pig hippocampus. | 2014 | Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. | pmid:24853577 |
Pava MJ et al. | Endocannabinoid modulation of cortical up-states and NREM sleep. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24520411 |
Sanson B et al. | Crystallographic study of FABP5 as an intracellular endocannabinoid transporter. | 2014 | Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. | pmid:24531463 |
Ohno-Shosaku T and Kano M | Endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde modulation of synaptic transmission. | 2014 | Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. | pmid:24747340 |
Chianese R et al. | Hypothalamus-pituitary axis: an obligatory target for endocannabinoids to inhibit steroidogenesis in frog testis. | 2014 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:24566122 |
Rea K et al. | Microinjection of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol into the rat ventral hippocampus differentially modulates contextually induced fear, depending on a persistent pain state. | 2014 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:24494683 |
Zheng Y et al. | Dexamethasone alleviates motion sickness in rats in part by enhancing the endocannabinoid system. | 2014 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:24508383 |
Limebeer CL et al. | Attenuation of anticipatory nausea in a rat model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping by enhancement of the endocannabinoid system. | 2014 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:24043345 |
Kim J and Watkins BA | Cannabinoid receptor antagonists and fatty acids alter endocannabinoid system gene expression and COX activity. | 2014 | J. Nutr. Biochem. | pmid:24854955 |
Manna JD et al. | Identification of the major prostaglandin glycerol ester hydrolase in human cancer cells. | 2014 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:25301951 |