2-arachidonoylglycerol is a lipid of Glycerolipids (GL) class. 2-arachidonoylglycerol is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Inflammatory disorder, Colitis and Peripheral Neuropathy. The involved functions are known as Immunoreactivity, inhibitors, Stimulus, Esthesia and Signal Transduction. 2-arachidonoylglycerol often locates in Back, Presynaptic Terminals, Brain region, Blood and Body tissue. The associated genes with 2-arachidonoylglycerol are ADRBK1 gene, Homologous Gene, MGLL gene, PLA2G4A gene and peptide V. The related lipids are oleoylethanolamide, Lipopolysaccharides, Promega, stearic acid and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol. The related experimental models are Knock-out.
To understand associated biological information of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
2-arachidonoylglycerol is suspected in Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Sweet's Syndrome, Colitis, Dehydration, Diabetes and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice.' (Walentiny DM et al., 2015), Knock-out are used in the study 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12).' (Navia-Paldanius D et al., 2012) and Knock-out are used in the study 'Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action.' (Viader A et al., 2015).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Sugiura T and Waku K | Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands. | 2002 | J. Biochem. | pmid:12097154 |
Jordà MA et al. | Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor migrate in response to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2002 | Blood | pmid:11929767 |
Vannacci A et al. | Down-regulation by cannabinoids of the immunological activation of human basophils and guinea pig mast cells. | 2002 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:12013387 |
Kirkham TC et al. | Endocannabinoid levels in rat limbic forebrain and hypothalamus in relation to fasting, feeding and satiation: stimulation of eating by 2-arachidonoyl glycerol. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12055133 |
Kreitzer AC and Regehr WG | Retrograde signaling by endocannabinoids. | 2002 | Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. | pmid:12049940 |
Nakane S et al. | 2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, an arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid: occurrence and rapid enzymatic conversion to 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, a cannabinoid receptor ligand, in rat brain. | 2002 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:12051682 |
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Laine K et al. | Comparison of the enzymatic stability and intraocular pressure effects of 2-arachidonylglycerol and noladin ether, a novel putative endocannabinoid. | 2002 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:12356827 |
Darmani NA | The potent emetogenic effects of the endocannabinoid, 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) are blocked by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannnabinoids. | 2002 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:11752094 |
González S et al. | Changes in endocannabinoid contents in the brain of rats chronically exposed to nicotine, ethanol or cocaine. | 2002 | Brain Res. | pmid:12393235 |
Rouzer CA et al. | Chemical stability of 2-arachidonylglycerol under biological conditions. | 2002 | Chem. Phys. Lipids | pmid:12270674 |
Bisogno T et al. | Fatty acid amide hydrolase, an enzyme with many bioactive substrates. Possible therapeutic implications. | 2002 | Curr. Pharm. Des. | pmid:11945157 |
Lichtman AH et al. | Pharmacological activity of fatty acid amides is regulated, but not mediated, by fatty acid amide hydrolase in vivo. | 2002 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12065702 |
Dinh TP et al. | A role for monoglyceride lipase in 2-arachidonoylglycerol inactivation. | 2002 | Chem. Phys. Lipids | pmid:12505697 |
Kojima S et al. | Contractile response to a cannabimimetic eicosanoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, of longitudinal smooth muscle from the guinea-pig distal colon in vitro. | 2002 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12063081 |
Razdan RK and Mahadevan A | Recent advances in the synthesis of endocannabinoid related ligands. | 2002 | Chem. Phys. Lipids | pmid:12505687 |
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Kozak KR et al. | Metabolism of the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol and anandamide, into prostaglandin, thromboxane, and prostacyclin glycerol esters and ethanolamides. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12244105 |
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Mechoulam R et al. | Cannabinoids and brain injury: therapeutic implications. | 2002 | Trends Mol Med | pmid:11815270 |
Dinh TP et al. | Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. | 2002 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12136125 |
Matias I et al. | Presence and regulation of the endocannabinoid system in human dendritic cells. | 2002 | Eur. J. Biochem. | pmid:12153574 |
Gubellini P et al. | Experimental parkinsonism alters endocannabinoid degradation: implications for striatal glutamatergic transmission. | 2002 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12177188 |
Romero J et al. | Fatty acid amide hydrolase localization in the human central nervous system: an immunohistochemical study. | 2002 | Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. | pmid:12008024 |
Kozak KR et al. | 15-Lipoxygenase metabolism of 2-arachidonylglycerol. Generation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11956198 |
Sugiura T et al. | Biosynthesis and degradation of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and their possible physiological significance. | 2002 Feb-Mar | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12052034 |
Fowler CJ and Jacobsson SO | Cellular transport of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and palmitoylethanolamide--targets for drug development? | 2002 Feb-Mar | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12052035 |
Högestätt ED and Zygmunt PM | Cardiovascular pharmacology of anandamide. | 2002 Feb-Mar | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12052048 |
van der Stelt M et al. | Acute neuronal injury, excitotoxicity, and the endocannabinoid system. | 2002 Oct-Dec | Mol. Neurobiol. | pmid:12428763 |
Jordà MA et al. | The peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cb2, a novel oncoprotein, induces a reversible block in neutrophilic differentiation. | 2003 | Blood | pmid:12406867 |
Viganò D et al. | Chronic morphine modulates the contents of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, in rat brain. | 2003 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:12637958 |
Oka S et al. | Ether-linked analogue of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (noladin ether) was not detected in the brains of various mammalian species. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12787057 |
Jorda MA et al. | Identification, characterization, and function of a novel oncogene: the peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cb2. | 2003 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:12799277 |
Walter L and Stella N | Endothelin-1 increases 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) production in astrocytes. | 2003 | Glia | pmid:12951660 |
Wallace MJ et al. | The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates seizure frequency and duration in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12954810 |
Vannacci A et al. | Nitric oxide modulates the inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on the immunological activation of guinea pig mast cells. | 2003 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:12755386 |
Kishimoto S et al. | 2-arachidonoylglycerol induces the migration of HL-60 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells and human peripheral blood monocytes through the cannabinoid CB2 receptor-dependent mechanism. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12711605 |
Maccarrone M et al. | Activation of human platelets by 2-arachidonoylglycerol is enhanced by serotonin. | 2003 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:12574815 |
Walter L et al. | Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12598628 |
Fride E et al. | Milk intake and survival in newborn cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice: evidence for a "CB3" receptor. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12568912 |
Fowler CJ et al. | Inhibition of C6 glioma cell proliferation by anandamide, 1-arachidonoylglycerol, and by a water soluble phosphate ester of anandamide: variability in response and involvement of arachidonic acid. | 2003 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12948856 |
Patel S et al. | Differential regulation of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol within the limbic forebrain by dopamine receptor activity. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12808005 |
Watanabe S et al. | n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency elevates and n-3 PUFA enrichment reduces brain 2-arachidonoylglycerol level in mice. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12878451 |
Hanus L et al. | Short-term fasting and prolonged semistarvation have opposite effects on 2-AG levels in mouse brain. | 2003 | Brain Res. | pmid:12914975 |
Obata T et al. | Simultaneous determination of endocannabinoids (arachidonylethanolamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol) and isoprostane (8-epiprostaglandin F2alpha) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring for medical samples. | 2003 | J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. | pmid:12829006 |
Maccarrone M et al. | Progesterone activates fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) promoter in human T lymphocytes through the transcription factor Ikaros. Evidence for a synergistic effect of leptin. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12799380 |
Franklin A et al. | Palmitoylethanolamide increases after focal cerebral ischemia and potentiates microglial cell motility. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12944505 |
Liu J et al. | Lipopolysaccharide induces anandamide synthesis in macrophages via CD14/MAPK/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/NF-kappaB independently of platelet-activating factor. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12949078 |
Derkinderen P et al. | Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by cannabinoids in hippocampus. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12657697 |
Gaetani S et al. | Anandamide hydrolysis: a new target for anti-anxiety drugs? | 2003 | Trends Mol Med | pmid:14604824 |
Maccarrone M et al. | Levodopa treatment reverses endocannabinoid system abnormalities in experimental parkinsonism. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12716433 |
Lépicier P et al. | Endocannabinoids protect the rat isolated heart against ischaemia. | 2003 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12813004 |
Bouchard JF et al. | Contribution of endocannabinoids in the endothelial protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning in the isolated rat heart. | 2003 | Life Sci. | pmid:12586223 |
McCarron RM et al. | Antioxidant properties of the vasoactive endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). | 2003 | Acta Neurochir. Suppl. | pmid:14753451 |
Higgs S et al. | Cannabinoid influences on palatability: microstructural analysis of sucrose drinking after delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and SR141716. | 2003 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:12447606 |
Bisogno T et al. | Cloning of the first sn1-DAG lipases points to the spatial and temporal regulation of endocannabinoid signaling in the brain. | 2003 | J. Cell Biol. | pmid:14610053 |
Facchinetti F et al. | Cannabinoids ablate release of TNFalpha in rat microglial cells stimulated with lypopolysaccharide. | 2003 | Glia | pmid:12509806 |
Mechoulam R and Lichtman AH | Neuroscience. Stout guards of the central nervous system. | 2003 | Science | pmid:14526067 |
Marsicano G et al. | CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity. | 2003 | Science | pmid:14526074 |
Kim J and Alger BE | Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 potentiates retrograde endocannabinoid effects in hippocampus. | 2004 | Nat. Neurosci. | pmid:15184902 |
Witting A et al. | Endocannabinoids accumulate in spinal cord of SOD1 G93A transgenic mice. | 2004 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:15189359 |
Stanke-Labesque F et al. | 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol induces contraction of isolated rat aorta: role of cyclooxygenase-derived products. | 2004 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:15194472 |
Oka S et al. | 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces the migration of EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukemia cells and human peripheral blood eosinophils. | 2004 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:15316028 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | 2-arachidonoylglycerol: a novel inhibitor of androgen-independent prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15604240 |
González S et al. | Behavioral and molecular changes elicited by acute administration of SR141716 to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-tolerant rats: an experimental model of cannabinoid abstinence. | 2004 | Drug Alcohol Depend | pmid:15099659 |
Valenti M et al. | Differential diurnal variations of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol levels in rat brain. | 2004 | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | pmid:15095014 |
Kishimoto S et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces accelerated production of chemokines in HL-60 cells. | 2004 | J. Biochem. | pmid:15115777 |
Hájos N et al. | Endocannabinoid transport tightly controls 2-arachidonoyl glycerol actions in the hippocampus: effects of low temperature and the transport inhibitor AM404. | 2004 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:15182306 |
Vannacci A et al. | The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol decreases the immunological activation of Guinea pig mast cells: involvement of nitric oxide and eicosanoids. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:15187170 |
Maestroni GJ | The endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol as in vivo chemoattractant for dendritic cells and adjuvant for Th1 response to a soluble protein. | 2004 | FASEB J. | pmid:15385435 |
Walter L et al. | ATP induces a rapid and pronounced increase in 2-arachidonoylglycerol production by astrocytes, a response limited by monoacylglycerol lipase. | 2004 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:15371507 |
Dinh TP et al. | RNA interference suggests a primary role for monoacylglycerol lipase in the degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:15272052 |
Malorni W et al. | Morphological evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is a true agonist of human platelets. | 2004 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:15543349 |
Melis M et al. | Prefrontal cortex stimulation induces 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated suppression of excitation in dopamine neurons. | 2004 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:15564588 |
Sugiura T et al. | New perspectives in the studies on endocannabinoid and cannabis: 2-arachidonoylglycerol as a possible novel mediator of inflammation. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:15599096 |
Saario SM et al. | Monoglyceride lipase-like enzymatic activity is responsible for hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in rat cerebellar membranes. | 2004 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:15013854 |
Alberich Jordà M et al. | The peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cb2, frequently expressed on AML blasts, either induces a neutrophilic differentiation block or confers abnormal migration properties in a ligand-dependent manner. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15039279 |
Witting A et al. | P2X7 receptors control 2-arachidonoylglycerol production by microglial cells. | 2004 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:14976257 |
Carrier EJ et al. | Cultured rat microglial cells synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol, which increases proliferation via a CB2 receptor-dependent mechanism. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:15044630 |
Golech SA et al. | Human brain endothelium: coexpression and function of vanilloid and endocannabinoid receptors. | 2004 | Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. | pmid:15548432 |
Mukherjee S et al. | Species comparison and pharmacological characterization of rat and human CB2 cannabinoid receptors. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15556131 |
Guo J and Ikeda SR | Endocannabinoids modulate N-type calcium channels and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels via CB1 cannabinoid receptors heterologously expressed in mammalian neurons. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14978245 |
Piomelli D | The endogenous cannabinoid system and the treatment of marijuana dependence. | 2004 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:15464150 |
Ghafouri N et al. | Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase by analogues of 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2004 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15492019 |
Motobe T et al. | Endogenous cannabinoids are candidates for lipid mediators of bone cement implantation syndrome. | 2004 | Shock | pmid:14676677 |
Harada N et al. | Effects of cannabinoids on colonic muscle contractility and tension in guinea pigs. | 2005 | J Nippon Med Sch | pmid:15834207 |
Julien B et al. | Antifibrogenic role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in the liver. | 2005 | Gastroenterology | pmid:15765409 |
Chen J et al. | Finding of endocannabinoids in human eye tissues: implications for glaucoma. | 2005 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15823551 |
Maccarrone M et al. | Up-regulation of the endocannabinoid system in the uterus of leptin knockout (ob/ob) mice and implications for fertility. | 2005 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:15563449 |
Sipe JC et al. | Reduced endocannabinoid immune modulation by a common cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor gene polymorphism: possible risk for autoimmune disorders. | 2005 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:15845647 |
Secko D | Analgesia through endogenous cannabinoids. | 2005 | CMAJ | pmid:16103504 |
Maejima T et al. | Synaptically driven endocannabinoid release requires Ca2+-assisted metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 to phospholipase Cbeta4 signaling cascade in the cerebellum. | 2005 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:16033892 |
Panikashvili D et al. | CB1 cannabinoid receptors are involved in neuroprotection via NF-kappa B inhibition. | 2005 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:15729296 |
Gopez JJ et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor improves functional outcomes, provides neuroprotection, and reduces inflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. | 2005 | Neurosurgery | pmid:15730585 |
Zhao Q et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol stimulates activator protein-1-dependent transcriptional activity and enhances epidermal growth factor-induced cell transformation in JB6 P+ cells. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15886210 |
Rouzer CA and Marnett LJ | Glycerylprostaglandin synthesis by resident peritoneal macrophages in response to a zymosan stimulus. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15917246 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | A new class of inhibitors of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis and invasion of prostate cancer cells. | 2005 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15919052 |
Darmani NA et al. | Cisplatin increases brain 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and concomitantly reduces intestinal 2-AG and anandamide levels in the least shrew. | 2005 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:15921709 |
Ramos JA et al. | Therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system in the brain. | 2005 | Mini Rev Med Chem | pmid:16026307 |