2-arachidonoylglycerol is a lipid of Glycerolipids (GL) class. 2-arachidonoylglycerol is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Inflammatory disorder, Colitis and Peripheral Neuropathy. The involved functions are known as Immunoreactivity, inhibitors, Stimulus, Esthesia and Signal Transduction. 2-arachidonoylglycerol often locates in Back, Presynaptic Terminals, Brain region, Blood and Body tissue. The associated genes with 2-arachidonoylglycerol are ADRBK1 gene, Homologous Gene, MGLL gene, PLA2G4A gene and peptide V. The related lipids are oleoylethanolamide, Lipopolysaccharides, Promega, stearic acid and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol. The related experimental models are Knock-out.
To understand associated biological information of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
2-arachidonoylglycerol is suspected in Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Sweet's Syndrome, Colitis, Dehydration, Diabetes and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice.' (Walentiny DM et al., 2015), Knock-out are used in the study 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12).' (Navia-Paldanius D et al., 2012) and Knock-out are used in the study 'Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action.' (Viader A et al., 2015).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Ho WS et al. | Role of endothelial TRPV4 channels in vascular actions of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:26294342 |
DiPatrizio NV et al. | Fasting stimulates 2-AG biosynthesis in the small intestine: role of cholinergic pathways. | 2015 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:26290104 |
Piyanova A et al. | Age-related changes in the endocannabinoid system in the mouse hippocampus. | 2015 | Mech. Ageing Dev. | pmid:26278494 |
Wollank Y et al. | Inhibition of FAAH confers increased stem cell migration via PPARα. | 2015 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:26263913 |
Mounsey RB et al. | Increasing levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | 2015 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:26244281 |
Guggenhuber S et al. | Impaired 2-AG Signaling in Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurons: Aggravation of Anxiety-Like Behavior and Unaltered Seizure Susceptibility. | 2015 | Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. | pmid:26232789 |
Imperatore R et al. | Genetic deletion of monoacylglycerol lipase leads to impaired cannabinoid receptor CBâ‚R signaling and anxiety-like behavior. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:26223500 |
Liu J et al. | Comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like lipid metabolites in rat striatum. | 2015 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:26215119 |
Anderson GR et al. | β-Neurexins Control Neural Circuits by Regulating Synaptic Endocannabinoid Signaling. | 2015 | Cell | pmid:26213384 |
Patel S et al. | The Anxiolytic Actions of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: Converging Evidence From Two Recent Genetic Endocannabinoid Deficiency Models. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26212898 |
Viader A et al. | Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action. | 2015 | Cell Rep | pmid:26212325 |
Straiker A et al. | Aiming for allosterism: Evaluation of allosteric modulators of CB1 in a neuronal model. | 2015 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:26211948 |
Volk DW and Lewis DA | The Role of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26210060 |
Li B et al. | Endogenous 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Alleviates Cyclooxygenases-2 Elevation-Mediated Neuronal Injury From SO2 Inhalation via PPARγ Pathway. | 2015 | Toxicol. Sci. | pmid:26209559 |
Kita Y et al. | Fever Is Mediated by Conversion of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol to Prostaglandin E2. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26196692 |
Mennella I et al. | Food Liking Enhances the Plasma Response of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and of Pancreatic Polypeptide upon Modified Sham Feeding in Humans. | 2015 | J. Nutr. | pmid:26180248 |
Zou Z et al. | Effect of Homocysteine on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Currents in Primary Cultured Rat Caudate Nucleus Neurons and Its Modulation by 2-Arachidonylglycerol. | 2015 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:26179279 |
Lee SH et al. | Multiple Forms of Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid Signaling Regulate the Tonic Control of GABA Release. | 2015 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:26157003 |
Parker KE et al. | Effects of co-administration of 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist into the nucleus accumbens on high-fat feeding behaviors in the rat. | 2015 | Brain Res. | pmid:26100333 |
Mecha M et al. | Endocannabinoids drive the acquisition of an alternative phenotype in microglia. | 2015 | Brain Behav. Immun. | pmid:26086345 |
Cristino L et al. | Orexin-A and Endocannabinoid Activation of the Descending Antinociceptive Pathway Underlies Altered Pain Perception in Leptin Signaling Deficiency. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26081302 |
Morena M et al. | Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26068727 |
La Porta C et al. | Role of the endocannabinoid system in the emotional manifestations of osteoarthritis pain. | 2015 | Pain | pmid:26067584 |
Ma L et al. | Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in infrasonic noise-induced neuronal impairment. | 2015 | Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) | pmid:26058582 |
Hutch CR et al. | An endocannabinoid system is present in the mouse olfactory epithelium but does not modulate olfaction. | 2015 | Neuroscience | pmid:26037800 |
Dotsey EY et al. | Peroxide-Dependent MGL Sulfenylation Regulates 2-AG-Mediated Endocannabinoid Signaling in Brain Neurons. | 2015 | Chem. Biol. | pmid:26000748 |
Chicca A et al. | 4'-O-methylhonokiol increases levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in mouse brain via selective inhibition of its COX-2-mediated oxygenation. | 2015 | J Neuroinflammation | pmid:25962384 |
Juan CC et al. | Endocannabinoid system activation may be associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. | 2015 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:25935491 |
Vázquez C et al. | Endocannabinoids regulate the activity of astrocytic hemichannels and the microglial response against an injury: In vivo studies. | 2015 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:25917763 |
Jokisch V et al. | Endocannabinoid Levels in Newborns in Relation to the Mode of Delivery. | 2015 | Am J Perinatol | pmid:25915139 |
Manduca A et al. | Distinct roles of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in social behavior and emotionality at different developmental ages in rats. | 2015 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol | pmid:25914159 |
Alizadeh A et al. | Role of cannabinoidergic system on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicken. | 2015 | Vet. Res. Commun. | pmid:25902906 |
Gomez O et al. | A Basal Tone of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Contributes to Early Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation by Activating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (MTOR) Pathways. | 2015 | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol | pmid:25900077 |
Shimizu T et al. | Possible inhibitory role of endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol as an endocannabinoid in (±)-epibatidine-induced activation of central adrenomedullary outflow in the rat. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25882827 |
Turcotte C et al. | Regulation of inflammation by cannabinoids, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, and their metabolites. | 2015 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:25877930 |
Spaziano G et al. | Exposure to Allergen Causes Changes in NTS Neural Activities after Intratracheal Capsaicin Application, in Endocannabinoid Levels and in the Glia Morphology of NTS. | 2015 | Biomed Res Int | pmid:25866824 |
Gong Y et al. | Simultaneous determination of endocannabinoids in murine plasma and brain substructures by surrogate-based LC-MS/MS: Application in tumor-bearing mice. | 2015 | J Pharm Biomed Anal | pmid:25863017 |
Subbanna S et al. | Postnatal ethanol exposure alters levels of 2-arachidonylglycerol-metabolizing enzymes and pharmacological inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase does not cause neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:25857698 |
Nicholson J et al. | Leptin levels are negatively correlated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25835291 |
Liu Z et al. | Involvement of GluR2 up-regulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice. | 2015 | Sci Rep | pmid:25830356 |
Patsenker E et al. | Elevated levels of endocannabinoids in chronic hepatitis C may modulate cellular immune response and hepatic stellate cell activation. | 2015 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:25826533 |
Altamura C et al. | Elevation of Plasma 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Levels in Alzheimer's Disease Patients as a Potential Protective Mechanism against Neurodegenerative Decline. | 2015 | J. Alzheimers Dis. | pmid:25818503 |
Llorente-Berzal A et al. | 2-AG promotes the expression of conditioned fear via cannabinoid receptor type 1 on GABAergic neurons. | 2015 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:25814137 |
Midtbø LK et al. | Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon fed soybean oil increases hepatic levels of arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins and ceramides in mice. | 2015 | J. Nutr. Biochem. | pmid:25776459 |
Lecru L et al. | Cannabinoid receptor 1 is a major mediator of renal fibrosis. | 2015 | Kidney Int. | pmid:25760323 |
Niki M et al. | Modulation of sweet taste sensitivities by endogenous leptin and endocannabinoids in mice. | 2015 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:25728242 |
Mann A et al. | Palmitoyl Serine: An Endogenous Neuroprotective Endocannabinoid-Like Entity After Traumatic Brain Injury. | 2015 | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol | pmid:25721934 |
Walentiny DM et al. | Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25698527 |
Bashashati M et al. | Inhibiting endocannabinoid biosynthesis: a novel approach to the treatment of constipation. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25684407 |
Pisanti S et al. | Anandamide drives cell cycle progression through CB1 receptors in a rat model of synchronized liver regeneration. | 2015 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:25684344 |
Monteleone AM et al. | Deranged endocannabinoid responses to hedonic eating in underweight and recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. | 2015 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:25646322 |
Gaskari SA et al. | Blunted cardiac response to hemorrhage in cirrhotic rats is mediated by local macrophage-released endocannabinoids. | 2015 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:25640062 |
Schaich CL et al. | Alterations in the Medullary Endocannabinoid System Contribute to Age-related Impairment of Baroreflex Sensitivity. | 2015 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:25636077 |
Belluomo I et al. | Opposite control of frontocortical 2-arachidonoylglycerol turnover rate by cannabinoid type-1 receptors located on glutamatergic neurons and on astrocytes. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:25626460 |
Orellana-Serradell O et al. | Proapoptotic effect of endocannabinoids in prostate cancer cells. | 2015 | Oncol. Rep. | pmid:25606819 |
Petrosino S et al. | The anti-inflammatory mediator palmitoylethanolamide enhances the levels of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and potentiates its actions at TRPV1 cation channels. | 2016 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25598150 |
Brosnihan KB et al. | Local uterine Ang-(1-7) infusion augments the expression of cannabinoid receptors and differentially alters endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes in the decidualized uterus of pseudopregnant rats. | 2015 | Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. | pmid:25596750 |
Szekeres M et al. | Endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor signaling-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension. | 2015 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:25595485 |
Griebel G et al. | Selective blockade of the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol impairs learning and memory performance while producing antinociceptive activity in rodents. | 2015 | Sci Rep | pmid:25560837 |
Aliczki M et al. | Involvement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling in social challenge responding of male CD1 mice. | 2015 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:25547462 |
Urquhart P et al. | Endocannabinoids and their oxygenation by cyclo-oxygenases, lipoxygenases and other oxygenases. | 2015 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:25543004 |
Marcaggi P | Cerebellar endocannabinoids: retrograde signaling from purkinje cells. | 2015 | Cerebellum | pmid:25520276 |
Ivanov I et al. | A simple method for simultaneous determination of N-arachidonoylethanolamine, N-oleoylethanolamine, N-palmitoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in human cells. | 2015 | Anal Bioanal Chem | pmid:25519724 |
Ford GK et al. | Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in attentional modulation of nociceptive behaviour in rats. | 2015 | Eur J Pain | pmid:25504741 |
Sticht MA et al. | Intra-visceral insular cortex 2-arachidonoylglycerol, but not N-arachidonoylethanolamide, suppresses acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats. | 2015 | Neuroscience | pmid:25499318 |
Pasquarelli N et al. | Comparative biochemical characterization of the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor KML29 in brain, spinal cord, liver, spleen, fat and muscle tissue. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25497453 |
Zhang J et al. | Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase prevents chronic traumatic encephalopathy-like neuropathology in a mouse model of repetitive mild closed head injury. | 2015 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:25492114 |
Morena M et al. | Endogenous cannabinoid release within prefrontal-limbic pathways affects memory consolidation of emotional training. | 2014 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:25489086 |
Shonesy BC et al. | The initiation of synaptic 2-AG mobilization requires both an increased supply of diacylglycerol precursor and increased postsynaptic calcium. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25484252 |
Shonesy BC et al. | Genetic disruption of 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis reveals a key role for endocannabinoid signaling in anxiety modulation. | 2014 | Cell Rep | pmid:25466252 |
Pacioni G et al. | Truffles contain endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes and anandamide. | 2015 | Phytochemistry | pmid:25433633 |
Gasperi V et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol enhances platelet formation from human megakaryoblasts. | 2014 | Cell Cycle | pmid:25427281 |
Alhouayek M et al. | N-Acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibition increases colon N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and counteracts murine colitis. | 2015 | FASEB J. | pmid:25384424 |
Zhang J et al. | Synaptic and cognitive improvements by inhibition of 2-AG metabolism are through upregulation of microRNA-188-3p in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. | 2014 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:25378159 |
Hanlon EC et al. | Circadian rhythm of circulating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2015 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:25368979 |
Pérez-Morales M et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol into the lateral hypothalamus improves reduced sleep in adult rats subjected to maternal separation. | 2014 | Neuroreport | pmid:25356522 |
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Khasabova IA et al. | JZL184 is anti-hyperalgesic in a murine model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. | 2014 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:25304184 |
Manna JD et al. | Identification of the major prostaglandin glycerol ester hydrolase in human cancer cells. | 2014 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:25301951 |
McDougle DR et al. | Endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are substrates for human CYP2J2 epoxygenase. | 2014 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:25277139 |
Koltyn KF et al. | Mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. | 2014 | J Pain | pmid:25261342 |
Melis M et al. | Enhanced endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus drive onto dopamine neurons in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. | 2014 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:25232109 |
Özdemir B et al. | Endocannabinoids and inflammatory response in periodontal ligament cells. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25226300 |
Costa MA et al. | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol impairs human cytotrophoblast cells syncytialization: influence of endocannabinoid signalling in placental development. | 2015 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:25199616 |
Katz PS et al. | Endocannabinoid degradation inhibition improves neurobehavioral function, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation following mild traumatic brain injury. | 2015 | J. Neurotrauma | pmid:25166905 |
Zhang Z et al. | Blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis produces antidepressant-like effects and enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. | 2015 | Hippocampus | pmid:25131612 |
Yang K et al. | Differential regulation of NMDAR and NMDAR-mediated metaplasticity by anandamide and 2-AG in the hippocampus. | 2014 | Hippocampus | pmid:25087967 |
Flores-Otero J et al. | Ligand-specific endocytic dwell times control functional selectivity of the cannabinoid receptor 1. | 2014 | Nat Commun | pmid:25081814 |
Signorello MG and Leoncini G | Effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol on myosin light chain phosphorylation and platelet activation: The role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT pathway. | 2014 | Biochimie | pmid:25068972 |
Fezza F et al. | Distinct modulation of the endocannabinoid system upon kainic acid-induced in vivo seizures and in vitro epileptiform bursting. | 2014 | Mol. Cell. Neurosci. | pmid:25064144 |
Lau BK et al. | Endocannabinoid modulation by FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase within the analgesic circuitry of the periaqueductal grey. | 2014 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25041240 |
Laprairie RB et al. | Type 1 cannabinoid receptor ligands display functional selectivity in a cell culture model of striatal medium spiny projection neurons. | 2014 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:25037227 |
Alpár A et al. | Endocannabinoids modulate cortical development by configuring Slit2/Robo1 signalling. | 2014 | Nat Commun | pmid:25030704 |
Cipriano M et al. | The influence of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition upon the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. | 2014 | BMC Res Notes | pmid:25012825 |
Dong M et al. | Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol protects primary cultured neurons against homocysteine-induced impairments in rat caudate nucleus through CB1 receptor. | 2015 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:25007951 |
Fernández-Suárez D et al. | Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 is neuroprotective and alters glial cell phenotype in the chronic MPTP mouse model. | 2014 | Neurobiol. Aging | pmid:24973119 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | A novel activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase: metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2014 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:24958911 |
Pulgar VM et al. | Increased angiotensin II contraction of the uterine artery at early gestation in a transgenic model of hypertensive pregnancy is reduced by inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24935942 |
Karabowicz P et al. | [Role of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system]. | 2014 | Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) | pmid:24934539 |