2-arachidonoylglycerol is a lipid of Glycerolipids (GL) class. 2-arachidonoylglycerol is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Inflammatory disorder, Colitis and Peripheral Neuropathy. The involved functions are known as Immunoreactivity, inhibitors, Stimulus, Esthesia and Signal Transduction. 2-arachidonoylglycerol often locates in Back, Presynaptic Terminals, Brain region, Blood and Body tissue. The associated genes with 2-arachidonoylglycerol are ADRBK1 gene, Homologous Gene, MGLL gene, PLA2G4A gene and peptide V. The related lipids are oleoylethanolamide, Lipopolysaccharides, Promega, stearic acid and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol. The related experimental models are Knock-out.
To understand associated biological information of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
2-arachidonoylglycerol is suspected in Atherosclerosis, Heart Diseases, Sweet's Syndrome, Colitis, Dehydration, Diabetes and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice.' (Walentiny DM et al., 2015), Knock-out are used in the study 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12).' (Navia-Paldanius D et al., 2012) and Knock-out are used in the study 'Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action.' (Viader A et al., 2015).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Limebeer CL et al. | Elevation of 2-AG by monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition in the visceral insular cortex interferes with anticipatory nausea in a rat model. | 2016 | Behav. Neurosci. | pmid:26974857 |
Zhang L et al. | Endocannabinoid 2-AG and intracellular cannabinoid receptors modulate a low-threshold calcium spike-induced slow depolarizing afterpotential in rat thalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. | 2016 | Neuroscience | pmid:26924019 |
Wang X et al. | Circulating Endocannabinoids and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. | 2016 | Biomed Res Int | pmid:26904688 |
Tomas-Roig J et al. | Social defeat leads to changes in the endocannabinoid system: An overexpression of calreticulin and motor impairment in mice. | 2016 | Behav. Brain Res. | pmid:26815100 |
Siegmund SV et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to the selective induction of cell death by the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in hepatic stellate cells. | 2016 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:26801558 |
Yi B et al. | Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in healthy human subjects exposed to chronic stressors. | 2016 | Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26780604 |
Costa MA et al. | The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol dysregulates the synthesis of proteins by the human syncytiotrophoblast. | 2016 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:26698196 |
González-Mariscal I et al. | Blockade of cannabinoid 1 receptor improves GLP-1R mediated insulin secretion in mice. | 2016 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:26724516 |
Wills KL et al. | Double Dissociation of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition and CB1 Antagonism in the Central Amygdala, Basolateral Amygdala, and the Interoceptive Insular Cortex on the Affective Properties of Acute Naloxone-Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal in Rats. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26647976 |
Gobira PH et al. | Role of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in aversive responses mediated by the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey. | 2016 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol | pmid:26628106 |
Lu HC and Mackie K | An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26698193 |
Signorello MG and Leoncini G | Regulation of cAMP Intracellular Levels in Human Platelets Stimulated by 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. | 2016 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:26460717 |
Wang F et al. | 2-Arachidonylglycerol Protects Primary Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Through a Blockade of NDRG2 Signaling and STAT3 Phosphorylation. | 2016 | Rejuvenation Res | pmid:26414218 |
Sanchez AM et al. | Elevated Systemic Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Endometriosis. | 2016 | Reprod Sci | pmid:26887427 |
Morena M et al. | Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26068727 |
Knani I et al. | Targeting the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system for treating obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome. | 2016 | Mol Metab | pmid:27900261 |
Liu X et al. | Coordinated regulation of endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde synaptic suppression in the cerebellum by neuronal and astrocytic monoacylglycerol lipase. | 2016 | Sci Rep | pmid:27775008 |
Jenniches I and Zimmer A | Reply to: The Anxiolytic Actions of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: Converging Evidence From Two Recent Genetic Endocannabinoid Deficiency Models. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26410564 |
Patel S et al. | The Anxiolytic Actions of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: Converging Evidence From Two Recent Genetic Endocannabinoid Deficiency Models. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26212898 |
Kudalkar SN et al. | Assay of Endocannabinoid Oxidation by Cyclooxygenase-2. | 2016 | Methods Mol. Biol. | pmid:27245906 |
Jung KM and Piomelli D | Assay of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity. | 2016 | Methods Mol. Biol. | pmid:27245902 |
Doenni VM et al. | Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling. | 2016 | Brain Behav. Immun. | pmid:27453335 |
Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N et al. | Fetal Syndrome of Endocannabinoid Deficiency (FSECD) In Maternal Obesity. | 2016 | Med. Hypotheses | pmid:27959272 |
Morena M et al. | Emotional arousal state influences the ability of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling to modulate anxiety. | 2016 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:27553121 |
Veeraraghavan P et al. | A study of cannabinoid-1 receptors during the early phase of excitotoxic damage to rat spinal locomotor networks in vitro. | 2016 | Neuroscience | pmid:27450568 |
van Zadelhoff G and van der Stelt M | Oxygenation of Anandamide by Lipoxygenases. | 2016 | Methods Mol. Biol. | pmid:27245907 |
Iannotti FA et al. | Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related mediators: Targets, metabolism and role in neurological disorders. | 2016 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:26965148 |
Gamelin FX et al. | Effects of chronic exercise on the endocannabinoid system in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. | 2016 | J. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:26880264 |
Monteleone AM et al. | Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity. | 2016 | Eur J Nutr | pmid:26759262 |
Yang W et al. | Cannabinoid receptor agonists modulate calcium channels in rat retinal Müller cells. | 2016 | Neuroscience | pmid:26621126 |
Sustkova-Fiserova M et al. | Ghrelin and endocannabinoids participation in morphine-induced effects in the rat nucleus accumbens. | 2016 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:26507196 |
Rajaraman G et al. | G protein coupled receptor 18: A potential role for endocannabinoid signaling in metabolic dysfunction. | 2016 | Mol Nutr Food Res | pmid:26337420 |
Leishman E et al. | Lipidomics profile of a NAPE-PLD KO mouse provides evidence of a broader role of this enzyme in lipid metabolism in the brain. | 2016 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:26956082 |
Petrosino S et al. | The anti-inflammatory mediator palmitoylethanolamide enhances the levels of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and potentiates its actions at TRPV1 cation channels. | 2016 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25598150 |
Malek N et al. | The multiplicity of spinal AA-5-HT anti-nociceptive action in a rat model of neuropathic pain. | 2016 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:27326920 |
Brose SA et al. | Brain 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Levels Are Dramatically and Rapidly Increased Under Acute Ischemia-Injury Which Is Prevented by Microwave Irradiation. | 2016 | Lipids | pmid:27021494 |
Delgado-Peraza F et al. | Mechanisms of Biased β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Downstream from the Cannabinoid 1 Receptor. | 2016 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:27009233 |
Miller MR et al. | Unconventional endocannabinoid signaling governs sperm activation via the sex hormone progesterone. | 2016 | Science | pmid:26989199 |
Yan W et al. | NO2 inhalation promotes Alzheimer's disease-like progression: cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E2 modulation and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition-targeted medication. | 2016 | Sci Rep | pmid:26928013 |
Hartley ND et al. | 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling impairs short-term fear extinction. | 2016 | Transl Psychiatry | pmid:26926885 |
Brindisi M et al. | Development and Pharmacological Characterization of Selective Blockers of 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Degradation with Efficacy in Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis and Pain. | 2016 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:26888301 |
Tegeder I | Endocannabinoids as Guardians of Metastasis. | 2016 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:26875980 |
Pastor A et al. | A Lower Olfactory Capacity Is Related to Higher Circulating Concentrations of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and Higher Body Mass Index in Women. | 2016 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26849214 |
Wilkerson JL et al. | The Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor MJN110 Produces Opioid-Sparing Effects in a Mouse Neuropathic Pain Model. | 2016 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:26791602 |
Aso C et al. | Protein purification and cloning of diacylglycerol lipase from rat brain. | 2016 | J. Biochem. | pmid:26790472 |
Buczynski MW et al. | Diacylglycerol lipase disinhibits VTA dopamine neurons during chronic nicotine exposure. | 2016 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:26755579 |
Ogasawara D et al. | Rapid and profound rewiring of brain lipid signaling networks by acute diacylglycerol lipase inhibition. | 2016 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:26668358 |
Hanlon EC et al. | Sleep Restriction Enhances the Daily Rhythm of Circulating Levels of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. | 2016 | Sleep | pmid:26612385 |
Vujic N et al. | Monoglyceride lipase deficiency modulates endocannabinoid signaling and improves plaque stability in ApoE-knockout mice. | 2016 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:26584135 |
Mann A et al. | Are the endocannabinoid-like compounds N-acyl aminoacids neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury? | 2016 | J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol | pmid:26565551 |
Grabner GF et al. | Deletion of Monoglyceride Lipase in Astrocytes Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Neuroinflammation. | 2016 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:26565024 |
Matthews AT et al. | Oxyradical stress increases the biosynthesis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol: involvement of NADPH oxidase. | 2016 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:27784678 |
Sticht MA et al. | Endocannabinoid regulation of nausea is mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the rat visceral insular cortex. | 2016 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:26541329 |
Lim J et al. | Endocannabinoid Modulation of Predator Stress-Induced Long-Term Anxiety in Rats. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26361059 |
Stark DT and Caprioli J | Subcellular Localization of a 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Signaling Cassette in Retinal Ganglion Cell Axonal Growth In Vitro. | 2016 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:28002563 |
Wang X et al. | Endogenous cannabinoid system alterations and their role in epileptogenesis after brain injury in rat. | 2016 | Epilepsy Res. | pmid:27810514 |
Volk DW and Lewis DA | The Role of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. | 2016 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:26210060 |
Araki M et al. | Enzymatic characterization of recombinant rat DDHD2: a soluble diacylglycerol lipase. | 2016 | J. Biochem. | pmid:27198176 |
Fisette A et al. | α/β-Hydrolase Domain 6 in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Controls Energy Metabolism Flexibility. | 2016 | Cell Rep | pmid:27783937 |
Sugaya Y et al. | Crucial Roles of the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in the Suppression of Epileptic Seizures. | 2016 | Cell Rep | pmid:27452464 |
Bosch-Bouju C et al. | Endocannabinoid-Mediated Plasticity in Nucleus Accumbens Controls Vulnerability to Anxiety after Social Defeat Stress. | 2016 | Cell Rep | pmid:27452462 |
Cristino L et al. | Orexin-A and Endocannabinoid Activation of the Descending Antinociceptive Pathway Underlies Altered Pain Perception in Leptin Signaling Deficiency. | 2016 | Neuropsychopharmacology | pmid:26081302 |
Imperatore R et al. | Formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromeric complexes in embryonic mouse hypothalamic cells: Effect on intracellular calcium, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol biosynthesis and ERK phosphorylation. | 2016 | Pharmacol. Res. | pmid:27436148 |
Janssen FJ and van der Stelt M | Inhibitors of diacylglycerol lipases in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. | 2016 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:27394666 |
Mwanza C et al. | Simultaneous HPLC-APCI-MS/MS quantification of endogenous cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in hair. | 2016 | J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. | pmid:27318292 |
Bisogno T | Assay of DAGLα/β Activity. | 2016 | Methods Mol. Biol. | pmid:27245901 |
Battista N and Sergi M | Determination of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol by μSPE-LC-MS/MS. | 2016 | Methods Mol. Biol. | pmid:27245888 |
Midtbø LK et al. | Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon fed soybean oil increases hepatic levels of arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins and ceramides in mice. | 2015 | J. Nutr. Biochem. | pmid:25776459 |
Niki M et al. | Modulation of sweet taste sensitivities by endogenous leptin and endocannabinoids in mice. | 2015 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:25728242 |
Bashashati M et al. | Inhibiting endocannabinoid biosynthesis: a novel approach to the treatment of constipation. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25684407 |
Schaich CL et al. | Alterations in the Medullary Endocannabinoid System Contribute to Age-related Impairment of Baroreflex Sensitivity. | 2015 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:25636077 |
Alizadeh A et al. | Role of cannabinoidergic system on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicken. | 2015 | Vet. Res. Commun. | pmid:25902906 |
Zhang Z et al. | Blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis produces antidepressant-like effects and enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. | 2015 | Hippocampus | pmid:25131612 |
Gomez O et al. | A Basal Tone of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Contributes to Early Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation by Activating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (MTOR) Pathways. | 2015 | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol | pmid:25900077 |
Shimizu T et al. | Possible inhibitory role of endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol as an endocannabinoid in (±)-epibatidine-induced activation of central adrenomedullary outflow in the rat. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25882827 |
Smith M et al. | The Effects of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol on Human Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26414859 |
Gong Y et al. | Simultaneous determination of endocannabinoids in murine plasma and brain substructures by surrogate-based LC-MS/MS: Application in tumor-bearing mice. | 2015 | J Pharm Biomed Anal | pmid:25863017 |
Altamura C et al. | Elevation of Plasma 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Levels in Alzheimer's Disease Patients as a Potential Protective Mechanism against Neurodegenerative Decline. | 2015 | J. Alzheimers Dis. | pmid:25818503 |
Lecru L et al. | Cannabinoid receptor 1 is a major mediator of renal fibrosis. | 2015 | Kidney Int. | pmid:25760323 |
Mann A et al. | Palmitoyl Serine: An Endogenous Neuroprotective Endocannabinoid-Like Entity After Traumatic Brain Injury. | 2015 | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol | pmid:25721934 |
Subbanna S et al. | Postnatal ethanol exposure alters levels of 2-arachidonylglycerol-metabolizing enzymes and pharmacological inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase does not cause neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. | 2015 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:25857698 |
Nicholson J et al. | Leptin levels are negatively correlated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25835291 |
Patsenker E et al. | Elevated levels of endocannabinoids in chronic hepatitis C may modulate cellular immune response and hepatic stellate cell activation. | 2015 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:25826533 |
Walentiny DM et al. | Phenotypic assessment of THC discriminative stimulus properties in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout and wildtype mice. | 2015 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:25698527 |
Monteleone AM et al. | Deranged endocannabinoid responses to hedonic eating in underweight and recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. | 2015 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:25646322 |
Gaskari SA et al. | Blunted cardiac response to hemorrhage in cirrhotic rats is mediated by local macrophage-released endocannabinoids. | 2015 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:25640062 |
Jokisch V et al. | Endocannabinoid Levels in Newborns in Relation to the Mode of Delivery. | 2015 | Am J Perinatol | pmid:25915139 |
Manduca A et al. | Distinct roles of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in social behavior and emotionality at different developmental ages in rats. | 2015 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol | pmid:25914159 |
Llorente-Berzal A et al. | 2-AG promotes the expression of conditioned fear via cannabinoid receptor type 1 on GABAergic neurons. | 2015 | Psychopharmacology (Berl.) | pmid:25814137 |
Pisanti S et al. | Anandamide drives cell cycle progression through CB1 receptors in a rat model of synchronized liver regeneration. | 2015 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:25684344 |
Park SW et al. | Anticancer effects of anandamide on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells via the production of receptor-independent reactive oxygen species. | 2015 | Head Neck | pmid:24797795 |
Jalin AM et al. | Non-Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, Hinokiresinols Reduce Infiltration of Microglia/Macrophages into Ischemic Brain Lesions in Rat via Modulating 2-Arachidonolyglycerol-Induced Migration and Mitochondrial Activity. | 2015 | PLoS ONE | pmid:26517721 |
Morena M et al. | Training-Associated Emotional Arousal Shapes Endocannabinoid Modulation of Spatial Memory Retrieval in Rats. | 2015 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:26468197 |
Zheng G et al. | Chronic stress and peripheral pain: Evidence for distinct, region-specific changes in visceral and somatosensory pain regulatory pathways. | 2015 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:26408049 |
Szafran B et al. | Lipopolysaccharide suppresses carboxylesterase 2g activity and 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis: A possible mechanism to regulate inflammation. | 2015 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:26403860 |
Mitchener MM et al. | Competition and allostery govern substrate selectivity of cyclooxygenase-2. | 2015 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:26392530 |
Wang H et al. | Cocaine-Induced Endocannabinoid Mobilization in the Ventral Tegmental Area. | 2015 | Cell Rep | pmid:26365195 |
Ho WS et al. | Role of endothelial TRPV4 channels in vascular actions of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol. | 2015 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:26294342 |
DiPatrizio NV et al. | Fasting stimulates 2-AG biosynthesis in the small intestine: role of cholinergic pathways. | 2015 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:26290104 |
Liu Z et al. | Involvement of GluR2 up-regulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice. | 2015 | Sci Rep | pmid:25830356 |