DHA

Dha is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Dha is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Consumption-archaic term for TB, Chronic disease, Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent. The involved functions are known as Inflammation, Oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, Fatty Acid Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism. Dha often locates in Hepatic, Protoplasm, Mucous Membrane, Epithelium and outer membrane. The associated genes with DHA are IMPACT gene, FATE1 gene, GAPDH gene, THOC4 gene and SLC33A1 gene. The related lipids are stearidonic acid, Fatty Acids, Total cholesterol, Lipopolysaccharides and Dietary Fatty Acid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Transgenic Model, Animal Disease Models and Arthritis, Experimental.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of DHA, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with DHA?

DHA is suspected in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Ischemia, Hypertensive disease, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Cerebrovascular accident and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with DHA

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Hemolysis D006461 131 associated lipids
Stomach Ulcer D013276 75 associated lipids
Kidney Failure, Chronic D007676 51 associated lipids
Diabetes Mellitus D003920 90 associated lipids
Hypoxia D000860 23 associated lipids
Arrhythmias, Cardiac D001145 42 associated lipids
Neovascularization, Pathologic D009389 39 associated lipids
Adenocarcinoma D000230 166 associated lipids
Breast Neoplasms D001943 24 associated lipids
Pain D010146 64 associated lipids
Autoimmune Diseases D001327 27 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic D008180 43 associated lipids
Lung Diseases D008171 37 associated lipids
Lung Neoplasms D008175 171 associated lipids
Pulmonary Fibrosis D011658 24 associated lipids
Burns D002056 34 associated lipids
Pancreatic Neoplasms D010190 77 associated lipids
Inflammation D007249 119 associated lipids
Reperfusion Injury D015427 65 associated lipids
Colitis D003092 69 associated lipids
Colonic Neoplasms D003110 161 associated lipids
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 D003922 56 associated lipids
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 D003924 87 associated lipids
Diabetic Retinopathy D003930 39 associated lipids
Fatty Liver D005234 48 associated lipids
Cataract D002386 34 associated lipids
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental D003921 85 associated lipids
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental D008325 67 associated lipids
Body Weight D001835 333 associated lipids
Edema D004487 152 associated lipids
Precancerous Conditions D011230 48 associated lipids
Carcinoma D002277 18 associated lipids
Hypotension D007022 41 associated lipids
Acute Kidney Injury D058186 34 associated lipids
Dementia D003704 2 associated lipids
Heart Failure D006333 36 associated lipids
Coronary Disease D003327 70 associated lipids
Prostatic Neoplasms D011471 126 associated lipids
Hypersensitivity D006967 22 associated lipids
Brain Neoplasms D001932 15 associated lipids
Hypothyroidism D007037 32 associated lipids
Vision Disorders D014786 10 associated lipids
Melanoma D008545 69 associated lipids
Pain, Postoperative D010149 13 associated lipids
Asthma D001249 52 associated lipids
Kidney Diseases D007674 29 associated lipids
Weight Gain D015430 101 associated lipids
Hypersensitivity, Delayed D006968 43 associated lipids
Glioma D005910 112 associated lipids
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic D002471 126 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with DHA

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with DHA?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with DHA?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with DHA?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with DHA?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with DHA?

Mouse Model

Mouse Model are used in the study 'Homeostatic regulation of photoreceptor cell integrity: significance of the potent mediator neuroprotectin D1 biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid: the Proctor Lecture.' (Bazan NG, 2007), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life.' (Swanson D et al., 2012), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis without decreasing hepatosteatosis in a Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.' (Depner CM et al., 2013) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'Wax esters from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus reduce diet-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice.' (Höper AC et al., 2014).

Transgenic Model

Transgenic Model are used in the study 'Loss of MAP function leads to hippocampal synapse loss and deficits in the Morris Water Maze with aging.' (Ma QL et al., 2014).

Animal Disease Models

Animal Disease Models are used in the study 'Fish oil increases muscle protein mass and modulates Akt/FOXO, TLR4, and NOD signaling in weanling piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge.' (Liu Y et al., 2013).

Related references are published most in these journals:

Model Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with DHA

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Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 7336
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Shomonov-Wagner L et al. Alpha linolenic acid in maternal diet halts the lipid disarray due to saturated fatty acids in the liver of mice offspring at weaning. 2015 Lipids Health Dis pmid:25889505
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Hsiao HM et al. Resolvin D1 Reduces Emphysema and Chronic Inflammation. 2015 Am. J. Pathol. pmid:26468975
Cox R et al. Enhanced Resolution of Hyperoxic Acute Lung Injury as a result of Aspirin Triggered Resolvin D1 Treatment. 2015 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. pmid:25647402
Pierdomenico AM et al. MicroRNA-181b regulates ALX/FPR2 receptor expression and proresolution signaling in human macrophages. 2015 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:25505240
Saito H et al. Variation of Lipids and Fatty Acids of the Japanese Freshwater Eel, Anguilla japonica, during Spawning Migration. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:26028326
Chiang N et al. Identification of resolvin D2 receptor mediating resolution of infections and organ protection. 2015 J. Exp. Med. pmid:26195725
Wang X et al. Resolution of inflammation is altered in Alzheimer's disease. 2015 Alzheimers Dement pmid:24530025
Suo R et al. Generation of Tetracosahexaenoic Acid in Benthic Marine Organisms. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:26136172
Kanan Y et al. Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the cone photoreceptor cell line 661W and elicits protection against light-induced stress. 2015 Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. pmid:25212825
Serhan CN et al. Protectins and maresins: New pro-resolving families of mediators in acute inflammation and resolution bioactive metabolome. 2015 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:25139562
Wang CW et al. Maresin 1 Biosynthesis and Proresolving Anti-infective Functions with Human-Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Leukocytes. 2015 Infect. Immun. pmid:26667839
Nordgren TM et al. Maresin-1 reduces airway inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to organic dust. 2015 Transl Res pmid:25655838
Kotani K et al. Enzymatic preparation of human milk fat substitutes and their oxidation stability. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:25757431
Hashim RB et al. Fatty acid compositions of silver catfish, Pangasius sp. farmed in several rivers of Pahang, Malaysia. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:25748380
Fischer T [Pharmacological therapy of age-related macular degeneration based on etiopathogenesis]. 2015 Orv Hetil pmid:26548469
Clouard C et al. Dietary linoleic and α-linolenic acids affect anxiety-related responses and exploratory activity in growing pigs. 2015 J. Nutr. pmid:25644359
Wang Y et al. Mesoscale Simulations and Experimental Studies of pH-Sensitive Micelles for Controlled Drug Delivery. 2015 ACS Appl Mater Interfaces pmid:26539742
Amminger GP et al. Predictors of treatment response in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis who received long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. 2015 Transl Psychiatry pmid:25585167
Ercan S et al. Induction of omega 6 inflammatory pathway by sodium metabisulfite in rat liver and its attenuation by ghrelin. 2015 Lipids Health Dis pmid:25889219
Talvas J et al. Immunonutrition stimulates immune functions and antioxidant defense capacities of leukocytes in radiochemotherapy-treated head & neck and esophageal cancer patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. 2015 Clin Nutr pmid:25575640
Maciejewska D et al. Fatty acid changes help to better understand regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2015 World J. Gastroenterol. pmid:25574105
Berge RK et al. Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study. 2015 Lipids Health Dis pmid:26666303
Morin C et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides are more potent than docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride to resolve inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model. 2015 Arthritis Res. Ther. pmid:26022389
Yoshinaga K et al. Differential effects of triacylglycerol positional isomers containing n-3 series highly unsaturated fatty acids on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. 2015 J. Nutr. Biochem. pmid:25448607
Cheatham CL and Sheppard KW Synergistic Effects of Human Milk Nutrients in the Support of Infant Recognition Memory: An Observational Study. 2015 Nutrients pmid:26540073
Harrison JL et al. Resolvins AT-D1 and E1 differentially impact functional outcome, post-traumatic sleep, and microglial activation following diffuse brain injury in the mouse. 2015 Brain Behav. Immun. pmid:25585137
Brigandi SA et al. Autistic children exhibit decreased levels of essential Fatty acids in red blood cells. 2015 Int J Mol Sci pmid:25946342
Ossani GP et al. Short-term menhaden oil rich diet changes renal lipid profile in acute kidney injury. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:25948137
Samokhvalov V et al. PPARδ signaling mediates the cytotoxicity of DHA in H9c2 cells. 2015 Toxicol. Lett. pmid:25300478
Wang Y et al. Maresin 1 Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Vitro and Attenuates Bleomycin Induced Lung Fibrosis in Vivo. 2015 Shock pmid:26196843
Yang S et al. Effect of thermal processing on astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:25757428
Véricel E et al. Moderate oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid improves platelet function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. 2015 Thromb. Haemost. pmid:25832443
Wijendran V et al. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate the IL-1β-induced proinflammatory response in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells. 2015 Pediatr. Res. pmid:26270575
Mason JK et al. α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, alone and combined with trastuzumab, reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell growth but differentially regulate HER2 signaling pathways. 2015 Lipids Health Dis pmid:26282560
Esmaeili V et al. Dietary fatty acids affect semen quality: a review. 2015 Andrology pmid:25951427
Mohajeri S and Newman SA Review of evidence for dietary influences on atopic dermatitis. 2014 Jul-Aug Skin Therapy Lett. pmid:25188523
Akimov MG et al. [The influence of docosahexaenoic acid moiety on cytotoxic activity of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives]. 2014 Jul-Aug Biomed Khim pmid:25249531
Kar S Omacor and omega-3 fatty acids for treatment of coronary artery disease and the pleiotropic effects. 2014 Jan-Feb Am J Ther pmid:21975796
Casanova E et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and proanthocyanidins improve postprandial metabolic flexibility in rat. 2014 Jan-Feb Biofactors pmid:23983179
Harris WS and Schmitt TL Unexpected similarity in RBC DHA and AA levels between bottlenose dolphins and humans. 2014 Feb-Mar Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids pmid:24393427
Fernández-González R et al. Decontamination solutions for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in raw fish oils from environmentally contaminated sea fishes. 2014 Sci. Total Environ. pmid:24095964
Amiano P et al. Intake of total omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC cohort study. 2014 Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis pmid:24360762
Currais A et al. Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. 2014 Aging Cell pmid:24341874
Ponnampalam EN et al. Health beneficial long chain omega-3 fatty acid levels in Australian lamb managed under extensive finishing systems. 2014 Meat Sci. pmid:23643471
Hennebelle M et al. Ageing and apoE change DHA homeostasis: relevance to age-related cognitive decline. 2014 Proc Nutr Soc pmid:24103099
Jilkova ZM et al. Adipose tissue-related proteins locally associated with resolution of inflammation in obese mice. 2014 Int J Obes (Lond) pmid:23756677
Wang S et al. Lipid content in hepatic and gonadal adipose tissue parallel aortic cholesterol accumulation in mice fed diets with different omega-6 PUFA to EPA plus DHA ratios. 2014 Clin Nutr pmid:23672804
De Mel D and Suphioglu C Fishy business: effect of omega-3 fatty acids on zinc transporters and free zinc availability in human neuronal cells. 2014 Nutrients pmid:25195602
Katakura M et al. Omega-3 fatty acids protect renal functions by increasing docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolite levels in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr rats, a metabolic syndrome model. 2014 Molecules pmid:24642910
Chua A et al. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and furan fatty acids on cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay biomarkers in astrocytoma cell lines under conditions of oxidative stress. 2014 Environ. Mol. Mutagen. pmid:24828973
Hong S et al. Neuroprotectin/protectin D1: endogenous biosynthesis and actions on diabetic macrophages in promoting wound healing and innervation impaired by diabetes. 2014 Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. pmid:25273880
Ma QL et al. Loss of MAP function leads to hippocampal synapse loss and deficits in the Morris Water Maze with aging. 2014 J. Neurosci. pmid:24849348
Tungen JE et al. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities of 22-OH-PD1, a monohydroxylated metabolite of protectin D1. 2014 J. Nat. Prod. pmid:25247845
McCauley LK et al. Cutting edge: Parathyroid hormone facilitates macrophage efferocytosis in bone marrow via proresolving mediators resolvin D1 and resolvin D2. 2014 J. Immunol. pmid:24890726
Serhan CN Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. 2014 Nature pmid:24899309
[Recommendations of the Polish Gynecological Society concerning docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in the prevention of preterm birth]. 2014 Ginekol. Pol. pmid:24834713
[Recommendations of the Polish Gynecological Society concerning docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in the prevention of preterm birth]. 2014 Ginekol. Pol. pmid:25011224
Abdulnour RE et al. Maresin 1 biosynthesis during platelet-neutrophil interactions is organ-protective. 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:25369934
Chan SS et al. Association between high dietary intake of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and reduced risk of Crohn's disease. 2014 Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. pmid:24611981
Aursnes M et al. Stereoselective synthesis of protectin D1: a potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator. 2014 Org. Biomol. Chem. pmid:24253202
Shimamoto C et al. Functional characterization of FABP3, 5 and 7 gene variants identified in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder and mouse behavioral studies. 2014 Hum. Mol. Genet. pmid:25027319
White PJ et al. Protectin DX alleviates insulin resistance by activating a myokine-liver glucoregulatory axis. 2014 Nat. Med. pmid:24813250
Balas L et al. Confusion between protectin D1 (PD1) and its isomer protectin DX (PDX). An overview on the dihydroxy-docosatrienes described to date. 2014 Biochimie pmid:24262603
Evans SJ et al. Dietary intake and plasma metabolomic analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in bipolar subjects reveal dysregulation of linoleic acid metabolism. 2014 J Psychiatr Res pmid:24953860
Mussi SV et al. Novel nanostructured lipid carrier co-loaded with doxorubicin and docosahexaenoic acid demonstrates enhanced in vitro activity and overcomes drug resistance in MCF-7/Adr cells. 2014 Pharm. Res. pmid:24522814
Santos S et al. Fatty acids derived from a food frequency questionnaire and measured in the erythrocyte membrane in relation to adiponectin and leptin concentrations. 2014 Eur J Clin Nutr pmid:24642786
Torres M et al. Membrane lipid modifications and therapeutic effects mediated by hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid on Alzheimer's disease. 2014 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:24374316
Liu X et al. Amide-type adduct of dopamine - plausible cause of Parkinson diseases. 2014 Subcell. Biochem. pmid:24374917
De Felice C et al. Oxidative brain damage in Mecp2-mutant murine models of Rett syndrome. 2014 Neurobiol. Dis. pmid:24769161
Adarme-Vega TC et al. Towards sustainable sources for omega-3 fatty acids production. 2014 Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. pmid:24607804
Aronow ME and Chew EY Age-related Eye Disease Study 2: perspectives, recommendations, and unanswered questions. 2014 Curr Opin Ophthalmol pmid:24614146
Wang Q et al. Resolvin D1 stimulates alveolar fluid clearance through alveolar epithelial sodium channel, Na,K-ATPase via ALX/cAMP/PI3K pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. 2014 J. Immunol. pmid:24646745
Pottala JV et al. Higher RBC EPA + DHA corresponds with larger total brain and hippocampal volumes: WHIMS-MRI study. 2014 Neurology pmid:24453077
Zhao JP et al. Circulating docosahexaenoic acid levels are associated with fetal insulin sensitivity. 2014 PLoS ONE pmid:24454790
Harden CJ et al. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation had no effect on body weight but reduced energy intake in overweight and obese women. 2014 Nutr Res pmid:24418242
O'Callaghan N et al. Telomere shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment may be attenuated with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled pilot study. 2014 Nutrition pmid:24342530
Martorell M et al. Effect of DHA on plasma fatty acid availability and oxidative stress during training season and football exercise. 2014 Food Funct pmid:24955731
Fredman G et al. Resolvin D1 limits 5-lipoxygenase nuclear localization and leukotriene B4 synthesis by inhibiting a calcium-activated kinase pathway. 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:25246560
Kitessa SM et al. DHA-containing oilseed: a timely solution for the sustainability issues surrounding fish oil sources of the health-benefitting long-chain omega-3 oils. 2014 Nutrients pmid:24858407
Walhovd KB et al. Blood markers of fatty acids and vitamin D, cardiovascular measures, body mass index, and physical activity relate to longitudinal cortical thinning in normal aging. 2014 Neurobiol. Aging pmid:24332985
Eto M et al. A novel lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase enzyme (LPAAT4) with a possible role for incorporating docosahexaenoic acid into brain glycerophospholipids. 2014 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:24333445
Nelson JW et al. ALX/FPR2 receptor for RvD1 is expressed and functional in salivary glands. 2014 Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. pmid:24259417
O'Sullivan A et al. Habitual diets rich in dark-green vegetables are associated with an increased response to ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in Americans of African ancestry. 2014 J. Nutr. pmid:24259553
Cipollina C et al. Dual anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the electrophilic cyclooxygenase-2-derived 17-oxo-DHA in lipopolysaccharide- and cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. 2014 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:24594225
Siddiqui RA et al. Characterization of lovastatin-docosahexaenoate anticancer properties against breast cancer cells. 2014 Bioorg. Med. Chem. pmid:24556504
Hashimoto M et al. Possibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric illnesses. 2014 J. Pharmacol. Sci. pmid:24561447
Ciaccio CE and Girdhar M Effect of maternal ω3 fatty acid supplementation on infant allergy. 2014 Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. pmid:24565593
Bauer I et al. Does omega-3 fatty acid supplementation enhance neural efficiency? A review of the literature. 2014 Hum Psychopharmacol pmid:24285504
Abdel-Dayem MA et al. Valproate-induced liver injury: modulation by the omega-3 fatty acid DHA proposes a novel anticonvulsant regimen. 2014 Drugs R D pmid:24733439
Höper AC et al. Wax esters from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus reduce diet-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice. 2014 J. Nutr. pmid:24285691
Sublimi Saponetti M et al. Aggregation of Aß(25-35) on DOPC and DOPC/DHA bilayers: an atomic force microscopy study. 2014 PLoS ONE pmid:25551704
Hong S et al. Maresin-like lipid mediators are produced by leukocytes and platelets and rescue reparative function of diabetes-impaired macrophages. 2014 Chem. Biol. pmid:25200603
Cho Y et al. Colon cancer cell apoptosis is induced by combined exposure to the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and butyrate through promoter methylation. 2014 Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) pmid:24495951
Park J et al. Reciprocal modulation of surface expression of annexin A2 in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived cell line by eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. 2014 PLoS ONE pmid:24465474
Eady TN et al. Docosahexaenoic acid complexed to albumin provides neuroprotection after experimental stroke in aged rats. 2014 Neurobiol. Dis. pmid:24063996
Tang H et al. Protective actions of aspirin-triggered (17R) resolvin D1 and its analogue, 17R-hydroxy-19-para-fluorophenoxy-resolvin D1 methyl ester, in C5a-dependent IgG immune complex-induced inflammation and lung injury. 2014 J. Immunol. pmid:25172497
Montgomery P et al. Fatty acids and sleep in UK children: subjective and pilot objective sleep results from the DOLAB study--a randomized controlled trial. 2014 J Sleep Res pmid:24605819
Walker CG et al. Age and sex differences in the incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma fractions, cells and adipose tissue in humans. 2014 Br. J. Nutr. pmid:24063767
Zheng MG et al. Cloning, expression and stress-respondent transcription of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase cDNA gene of Nannochloropsis gaditana and its involvement in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic and decosahexaenoic acids. 2014 Biotechnol. Lett. pmid:24068506