| MeSH term | MeSH ID | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Hemolysis | D006461 | 131 associated lipids |
| Stomach Ulcer | D013276 | 75 associated lipids |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic | D007676 | 51 associated lipids |
| Diabetes Mellitus | D003920 | 90 associated lipids |
| Hypoxia | D000860 | 23 associated lipids |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac | D001145 | 42 associated lipids |
| Neovascularization, Pathologic | D009389 | 39 associated lipids |
| Adenocarcinoma | D000230 | 166 associated lipids |
| Breast Neoplasms | D001943 | 24 associated lipids |
| Pain | D010146 | 64 associated lipids |
DHA
Dha is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Dha is associated with abnormalities such as Atherosclerosis, Consumption-archaic term for TB, Chronic disease, Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent. The involved functions are known as Inflammation, Oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, Fatty Acid Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism. Dha often locates in Hepatic, Protoplasm, Mucous Membrane, Epithelium and outer membrane. The associated genes with DHA are IMPACT gene, FATE1 gene, GAPDH gene, THOC4 gene and SLC33A1 gene. The related lipids are stearidonic acid, Fatty Acids, Total cholesterol, Lipopolysaccharides and Dietary Fatty Acid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Transgenic Model, Animal Disease Models and Arthritis, Experimental.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of DHA, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with DHA?
DHA is suspected in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Ischemia, Hypertensive disease, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Cerebrovascular accident and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with DHA
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with DHA
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with DHA?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with DHA?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with DHA?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What genes are associated with DHA?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What common seen animal models are associated with DHA?
Mouse Model
Mouse Model are used in the study 'Homeostatic regulation of photoreceptor cell integrity: significance of the potent mediator neuroprotectin D1 biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid: the Proctor Lecture.' (Bazan NG, 2007), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life.' (Swanson D et al., 2012), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis without decreasing hepatosteatosis in a Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.' (Depner CM et al., 2013) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'Wax esters from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus reduce diet-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice.' (Höper AC et al., 2014).
Transgenic Model
Transgenic Model are used in the study 'Loss of MAP function leads to hippocampal synapse loss and deficits in the Morris Water Maze with aging.' (Ma QL et al., 2014).
Animal Disease Models
Animal Disease Models are used in the study 'Fish oil increases muscle protein mass and modulates Akt/FOXO, TLR4, and NOD signaling in weanling piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge.' (Liu Y et al., 2013).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with DHA
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landmark K et al. | Effects of fish oil, nifedipine and their combination on blood pressure and lipids in primary hypertension. | 1993 | J Hum Hypertens | pmid:8450517 |
| Oskarsson HJ et al. | Dietary fish oil supplementation reduces myocardial infarct size in a canine model of ischemia and reperfusion. | 1993 | J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. | pmid:8459088 |
| Ikeda I et al. | Lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids as triglyceride, ethyl ester and free acid, and their effect on cholesterol transport in rats. | 1993 | Life Sci. | pmid:8464336 |
| Baybutt RC et al. | The effects of dietary fish oil on alveolar type II cell fatty acids and lung surfactant phospholipids. | 1993 | Lipids | pmid:8464346 |
| Shikano M et al. | Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the generation of platelet-activating factor by eosinophilic leukemia cells, Eol-1. | 1993 | J. Immunol. | pmid:8468486 |
| Lin DS et al. | Unique lipids of primate spermatozoa: desmosterol and docosahexaenoic acid. | 1993 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:8468532 |
| Tatò F et al. | Effects of fish oil concentrate on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in familial combined hyperlipidemia. | 1993 | Clin Investig | pmid:8471818 |
| Wang H et al. | N-3 fatty acids stimulate intracellular degradation of apoprotein B in rat hepatocytes. | 1993 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:8473489 |
| Bjerve KS et al. | Omega-3 fatty acids: essential fatty acids with important biological effects, and serum phospholipid fatty acids as markers of dietary omega 3-fatty acid intake. | 1993 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8475898 |
| Hoffman DR et al. | Effects of supplementation with omega 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on retinal and cortical development in premature infants. | 1993 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8475899 |
| Makrides M et al. | Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid correlates with the visual response of healthy, term infants. | 1993 | Pediatr. Res. | pmid:8479826 |
| Thien FC et al. | Dietary fish oil effects on seasonal hay fever and asthma in pollen-sensitive subjects. | 1993 | Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. | pmid:8484622 |
| Greenfield SM et al. | A randomized controlled study of evening primrose oil and fish oil in ulcerative colitis. | 1993 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8485269 |
| Püttmann M et al. | Fast HPLC determination of serum free fatty acids in the picomole range. | 1993 | Clin. Chem. | pmid:8485873 |
| Cunnane SC et al. | Detection of [U-13C]eicosapentaenoic acid in rat liver lipids using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | 1993 | Lipids | pmid:8487618 |
| Yasugi T et al. | The influence of docosahexaenoic acid loading on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. | 1993 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:8489157 |
| Hinds A and Sanders TA | The effect of increasing levels of dietary fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on lymphocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition and cell-mediated immunity in the mouse. | 1993 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:8489998 |
| Pascale AW et al. | Omega-3 fatty acid modification of membrane structure and function. II. Alteration by docosahexaenoic acid of tumor cell sensitivity to immune cytolysis. | 1993 | Nutr Cancer | pmid:8502585 |
| Deslypere JP et al. | Stability of n-3 fatty acids in human fat tissue aspirates during storage. | 1993 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8503357 |
| Krokan HE et al. | The enteral bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is as good from ethyl esters as from glyceryl esters in spite of lower hydrolytic rates by pancreatic lipase in vitro. | 1993 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:8504143 |
| Takahashi M et al. | Reduction in formation and growth of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon by docosahexaenoic acid. | 1993 | Cancer Res. | pmid:8504420 |
| Gamen S et al. | mtDNA-depleted U937 cells are sensitive to TNF and Fas-mediated cytotoxicity. | 1995 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:8521957 |
| Hayashi M et al. | The effects of long-term treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on hypoxia/rexoygenation injury of isolated cardiac cells in adult rats. | 1995 | J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. | pmid:8523462 |
| Crespo-Armas A et al. | Changes produced by experimental hypothyroidism in fibre type composition and mitochondrial properties of rat slow and fast twitch muscles. | 1994 | Acta Cient. Venez. | pmid:8525758 |
| Vallette G et al. | Unsaturated fatty acids synergistically enhance glucocorticoid-induced gene expression. | 1995 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:8527300 |
| Jenski LJ et al. | Omega-3 fatty acid-containing liposomes in cancer therapy. | 1995 | Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. | pmid:8539260 |
| van Houwelingen AC et al. | Essential fatty acid status in neonates after fish-oil supplementation during late pregnancy. | 1995 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:8541278 |
| Ikeda I et al. | Digestion and lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids given in the form of triacylglycerol, free acid and ethyl ester in rats. | 1995 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:8541338 |
| Hornstra G et al. | Essential fatty acids in pregnancy and early human development. | 1995 | Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. | pmid:8549848 |
| Salem N et al. | Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. | 1996 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:8552667 |
| Appel MJ and Woutersen RA | Dietary fish oil (MaxEPA) enhances pancreatic carcinogenesis in azaserine-treated rats. | 1996 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:8554980 |
| Pepe S and McLennan PL | Dietary fish oil confers direct antiarrhythmic properties on the myocardium of rats. | 1996 | J. Nutr. | pmid:8558320 |
| Girón MD et al. | The short-term effect of dietary fats on the brain fatty acid composition in rats. | 1995 | Arch. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:8574769 |
| Nakamura T et al. | Serum fatty acid composition in normal Japanese and its relationship with dietary fish and vegetable oil contents and blood lipid levels. | 1995 | Ann. Nutr. Metab. | pmid:8585694 |
| Achtani C et al. | Effect of MaxEPA (fish oil) on lipoproteins and its receptors in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. | 1995 | Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. | pmid:8595389 |
| Grynberg A et al. | Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the phospholipids of rat heart muscle cells on adrenoceptor responsiveness and mechanism. | 1995 | J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. | pmid:8596201 |
| Christensen JH et al. | Effect of fish oil on heart rate variability in survivors of myocardial infarction: a double blind randomised controlled trial. | 1996 | BMJ | pmid:8597736 |
| Hughes DA et al. | (n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the expression of functionally associated molecules on human monocytes in vitro. | 1996 | J. Nutr. | pmid:8598544 |
| Khalfoun B et al. | Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids inhibit human lymphoproliferative responses in vitro but not the expression of T cell surface activation markers. | 1996 | Scand. J. Immunol. | pmid:8602457 |
| Hamazaki T et al. | The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in young adults. A placebo-controlled double-blind study. | 1996 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:8613538 |
| Shashoua VE and Hesse GW | N-docosahexaenoyl, 3 hydroxytyramine: a dopaminergic compound that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and suppresses appetite. | 1996 | Life Sci. | pmid:8614292 |
| Carlson SE et al. | Effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on visual acuity and growth of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | 1996 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8615350 |
| Pageaux JF et al. | Biogenesis and metabolic fate of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids in rat uterine stromal cells in culture. | 1996 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:8615684 |
| Serhiienko OO | [The experimental and clinical aspects of eicosapentaenoic amd docosahexaenoic acids (a review of the literature and the author's own data)]. | 1995 May-Jun | Lik. Sprava | pmid:8630815 |
| Engler MB and Engler MM | Influence of aging on the relaxant responses to omega-3 fatty acids in Fischer 344 rat aorta. | 1996 | Gerontology | pmid:8641598 |
| Khair-El-Din T et al. | Transcription of the murine iNOS gene is inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fetal and neonatal sera as well as fish oils. | 1996 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:8642266 |
| Prisco D et al. | Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on phospholipid fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes. | 1996 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8644688 |
| Makrides M et al. | Is dietary docosahexaenoic acid essential for term infants? | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8649228 |
| Weisinger HS et al. | The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the electroretinogram of the guinea pig. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8649236 |
| Carlson SE and Werkman SH | A randomized trial of visual attention of preterm infants fed docosahexaenoic acid until two months. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8649239 |
| Werkman SH and Carlson SE | A randomized trial of visual attention of preterm infants fed docosahexaenoic acid until nine months. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8649241 |
| Jørgensen MH et al. | Visual acuity and erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid status in breast-fed and formula-fed term infants during the first four months of life. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8649242 |
| Balestrieri GP et al. | Fish oil supplementation in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. | 1996 | Recenti Prog Med | pmid:8650428 |
| Beijers RJ and Schaafsma A | Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in Dutch preterm breast milk; differences in the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid due to length of gestation. | 1996 | Early Hum. Dev. | pmid:8654314 |
| Moore SA et al. | Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts involves peroxisomal retroconversion of tetracosahexaenoic acid. | 1995 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:8656081 |
| Luthria DL et al. | Regulation of the biosynthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid. | 1996 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:8663162 |
| Marzo I et al. | Biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid in human cells: evidence that two different delta 6-desaturase activities may exist. | 1996 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:8664338 |
| Innis SM et al. | Feeding formula without arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid has no effect on preferential looking acuity or recognition memory in healthy full-term infants at 9 mo of age. | 1996 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8669412 |
| Rotstein NP et al. | Active synthesis of C24:5, n-3 fatty acid in retina. | 1996 | Biochem. J. | pmid:8670163 |
| Lagarde M | [Biosynthesis and functions of eicosanoids. Recent data]. | 1995 | C. R. Seances Soc. Biol. Fil. | pmid:8673630 |
| Tamura M and Suzuki H | Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and sardine oil diets on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes in adult mice. | 1995 | J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. | pmid:8676220 |
| Yamane M et al. | Subcellular localization of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylation activity in the brain, liver and colonic adenocarcinoma. | 1996 | J Chromatogr A | pmid:8680600 |
| Innis SM and Hansen JW | Plasma fatty acid responses, metabolic effects, and safety of microalgal and fungal oils rich in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in healthy adults. | 1996 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8694015 |
| Lim BO et al. | Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lectins on immunoglobulin production by spleen lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. | 1996 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:8695902 |
| Chen Y et al. | Docosahexaenoic acid modulates the interactions of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein with 11-cis-retinal. | 1996 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:8702792 |
| Hammes HP et al. | Acceleration of experimental diabetic retinopathy in the rat by omega-3 fatty acids. | 1996 | Diabetologia | pmid:8721768 |
| Carlson SE et al. | Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin. | 1996 | Pediatr. Res. | pmid:8726246 |
| De Caterina R and Libby P | Control of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules by fatty acids. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729095 |
| Croset M et al. | In vivo compartmental metabolism of 13C-docosahexaenoic acid, studied by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729104 |
| Martinez M | Docosahexaenoic acid therapy in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient patients with disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729110 |
| Gibson RA et al. | Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on brain composition and neural function in term infants. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729115 |
| Connor WE et al. | Increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in human newborn infants by administration of sardines and fish oil during pregnancy. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729116 |
| Green P and Yavin E | Natural and accelerated docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in the prenatal rat brain. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8729125 |
| Cerolini S et al. | Preferential mobilisation of docosahexaenoic acid from adipose tissue triacylglycerol of the chick embryo. | 1996 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:8736823 |
| Boehm G et al. | Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid content of serum and red blood cell membrane phospholipids of preterm infants fed breast milk, standard formula or formula supplemented with n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 1996 | Eur. J. Pediatr. | pmid:8741041 |
| McLennan P et al. | The cardiovascular protective role of docosahexaenoic acid. | 1996 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:8741170 |
| Sasaki H et al. | [Immunosuppressive effect of intravenously injected docosahexaenoic acid on single lung allotransplantation in the rat]. | 1996 | Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:8741552 |
| Degrace P et al. | Intestinal lymph absorption of butter, corn oil, cod liver oil, menhaden oil, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl esters in rats. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8743053 |
| Yamada Y et al. | Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on diabetic osteopenia. | 1995 | Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. | pmid:8745204 |
| Boswell K et al. | Preclinical evaluation of single-cell oils that are highly enriched with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. | 1996 | Food Chem. Toxicol. | pmid:8761351 |
| Weisinger HS et al. | Effect of dietary n-3 deficiency on the electroretinogram in the guinea pig. | 1996 | Ann. Nutr. Metab. | pmid:8773733 |
| Maccoll AJ et al. | Erythrocyte morphology and filterability in rats fed on diets containing different fats and oils. | 1996 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:8774223 |
| Rotstein NP et al. | Docosahexaenoic acid is required for the survival of rat retinal photoreceptors in vitro. | 1996 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:8780010 |
| Lecomte M et al. | Docosahexaenoic acid is a major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in bovine retinal microvessels. | 1996 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:8780049 |
| Palozza P et al. | n-3 fatty acids induce oxidative modifications in human erythrocytes depending on dose and duration of dietary supplementation. | 1996 | Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pmid:8780337 |
| Minami M and Noguchi M | Effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and dietary fat on the incidence, growth and cell kinetics of mammary carcinomas in rats. | 1996 Sep-Oct | Oncology | pmid:8784475 |
| Willumsen N et al. | Eicosapentaenoic acid, but not docosahexaenoic acid, increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and upregulates 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase gene expression in rats. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8784738 |
| Innis SM et al. | Blood lipid docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid in term gestation infants fed formulas with high docosahexaenoic acid, low eicosapentaenoic acid fish oil. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8784742 |
| Dembitsky VM and Rezanka T | Unusually high levels of eicosatetraenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids in Palestinian freshwater sponges. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8784746 |
| Mitjavila MT et al. | Effect of degree of unsaturation in dietary fatty acids on arachidonic acid mobilization by peritoneal macrophages. | 1996 | Lipids | pmid:8784749 |
| Simonelli F et al. | Evaluation of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids of erythrocytes in retinitis pigmentosa patients. | 1996 | Ophthalmic Res. | pmid:8792359 |
| Carnielli VP et al. | The very low birth weight premature infant is capable of synthesizing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from linoleic and linolenic acids. | 1996 | Pediatr. Res. | pmid:8798265 |
| Xu LZ et al. | Ligand specificity of brain lipid-binding protein. | 1996 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:8798739 |
| Fernández-Bañares F et al. | Changes of the mucosal n3 and n6 fatty acid status occur early in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. | 1996 | Gut | pmid:8801207 |
| Huang MC and Craig-Schmidt MC | Arachidonate and docosahexaenoate added to infant formula influence fatty acid composition and subsequent eicosanoid production in neonatal pigs. | 1996 | J. Nutr. | pmid:8814208 |
| Pöschl JM et al. | Dietary docosahexaenoic acid improves red blood cell deformability in rats. | 1996 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:8822144 |
| Bayorh MA et al. | Effects of MaxEPA on salt-induced hypertension: relationship to [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites. | 1996 | Clin. Exp. Hypertens. | pmid:8822232 |
| Polette A et al. | N-3 fatty acid-induced lipid peroxidation in human platelets is prevented by catechins. | 1996 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:8822591 |
| Ku K et al. | The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated (correction of polyunsatulated) fatty acids on the recovery of cardiac function following cold preservation and reperfusion in hyperlipidemic rats. | 1996 | Transplantation | pmid:8824469 |
| Khair-el-Din TA et al. | Inhibition of macrophage nitric-oxide production and Ia-expression by docosahexaenoic acid, a constituent of fetal and neonatal serum. | 1996 | Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. | pmid:8831896 |